Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a major health problem affecting an estimated 18 million people in the USA alone. Clinical manifestations of SDB include obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), central apnea and periodic breathing. While treatment options for central apnea and periodic breathing are limited, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the current choice of treatment for OSA. However, substantial populations of OSA patients are refractory to CPAP treatment. Consequently, there is an absolute need for developing alternative and adjunctive strategies for treating SDB. A heightened carotid body chemo reflex plays a substantial role in SDB pathophysiology - both as mediator of the disease and the downstream pathology caused by intermittent hypoxia. Thus, preventing carotid body hypersensitivity is a potential therapeutic intervention for treating SDB and its effects. Our recent studies suggest that enhanced -?-lyase (CSE) catalyzed hydrogen sulfide (H2S) generation contributes to carotid body hypersensitivity and L-propargylglycine (L-PAG), an inhibitor of CSE enzyme reduces carotid body hypersensitivity and normalizes breathing in rodent models of SDB. Based on these findings the current proposal seeks CADET-2 funding to pursue a preclinical development program in which L-PAG is chemically optimized for efficacy, potency, selectivity, safety, and desirable pharmacological and pharmaceutical properties, culminating in a new candidate medicine suitable for treating SDB.
AIM 1 proposes to develop highly selective and potent small molecule inhibitors of CSE as drug candidates for SDB. Studies in AIM 2 perform in vivo screening of compounds for their efficacy, potency, and selectivity for on-target effects on breathing with apnea in rodent models.
AIM 3 establishes preclinical toxicology, pharmacokinetics and metabolism.
AIM 4 will facilitate filing an investigational new drug (IND) application with the US FDA. Successful and safe pharmacological inhibition of hyperactive chemo reflex has the potential to open up an entirely new frontier of medical treatment for alleviating SDB with apneas in CPAP resistant OSA, central apnea and periodic breathing patients. (End of Reviewers'Comments)

Public Health Relevance

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a major health problem affecting an estimated 18 million people in the USA alone, and clinical manifestations of SDB include obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), central apnea and periodic breathing. Besides CPAP, there are no alternative treatment strategies for alleviating SDB. The current application proposes a pharmacological approach as a therapeutic intervention for treating SDB.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Exploratory/Developmental Cooperative Agreement Phase I (UH2)
Project #
1UH2HL123610-01
Application #
8753684
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZHL1-CSR-A (M1))
Program Officer
Twery, Michael
Project Start
2014-09-22
Project End
2016-06-30
Budget Start
2014-09-22
Budget End
2015-06-30
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$1,663,662
Indirect Cost
$213,554
Name
University of Chicago
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
005421136
City
Chicago
State
IL
Country
United States
Zip Code
60637
Prabhakar, Nanduri R; Peng, Ying-Jie; Yuan, Guoxiang et al. (2018) Reactive oxygen radicals and gaseous transmitters in carotid body activation by intermittent hypoxia. Cell Tissue Res 372:427-431
Bhattacharjee, Abir; Sinha, Antara; Ratia, Kiira et al. (2017) 2-Arylidene Hydrazinecarbodithioates as Potent, Selective Inhibitors of Cystathionine ?-Lyase (CSE). ACS Med Chem Lett 8:1241-1245
Nanduri, Jayasri; Peng, Ying-Jie; Wang, Ning et al. (2017) Epigenetic regulation of redox state mediates persistent cardiorespiratory abnormalities after long-term intermittent hypoxia. J Physiol 595:63-77
Yao, Yao; Kong, Chen; Yin, Liang et al. (2017) Time-Gated Detection of Cystathionine ?-Lyase Activity and Inhibition with a Selective, Luminogenic Hydrogen Sulfide Sensor. Chemistry 23:752-756
Prabhakar, Nanduri R; Peng, Ying-Jie (2017) Oxygen Sensing by the Carotid Body: Past and Present. Adv Exp Med Biol 977:3-8
Yuan, Guoxiang; Peng, Ying-Jie; Khan, Shakil A et al. (2016) H2S production by reactive oxygen species in the carotid body triggers hypertension in a rodent model of sleep apnea. Sci Signal 9:ra80
Prabhakar, Nanduri R; Semenza, Gregg L (2016) Regulation of carotid body oxygen sensing by hypoxia-inducible factors. Pflugers Arch 468:71-5
Prabhakar, Nanduri R (2016) Carotid body chemoreflex: a driver of autonomic abnormalities in sleep apnoea. Exp Physiol 101:975-85
Yuan, Guoxiang; Vasavda, Chirag; Peng, Ying-Jie et al. (2015) Protein kinase G-regulated production of H2S governs oxygen sensing. Sci Signal 8:ra37
Prabhakar, Nanduri R; Peng, Ying-Jie; Kumar, Ganesh K et al. (2015) Peripheral chemoreception and arterial pressure responses to intermittent hypoxia. Compr Physiol 5:561-77

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