The momentum to implement cervical cancer screening in low and middle income countries (LMIC) could be greatly enhanced if a robust point-of-care (POC) HPV test were available to utilize in the preferred screen- and-treat (SAT) approach. Furthermore, SAT programs could be made more attractive if HPV tests were modified, or additional tests added, to improve specificity of a single-round of screening without reducing sensitivity for the detection of cervical disease. This would reduce the magnitude of over-treatment without compromising the public health impact of the program. Our group at Columbia University has a well- established collaboration with the University of Cape Town, South Africa, with whom we have undertaken large clinical studies of cervical cancer prevention in low resource settings. We propose to partner with Cepheid, who have pioneered POC testing (GeneXpert) using self-contained real-time PCR cartridges and who are widely respected for their POC tests for tuberculosis that have become the global standard. Cepheid has recently developed a HPV POC test (Xpert HPV Assay) for use in Europe. We propose to re-engineer the Cepheid HPV test to make it more suitable for SAT in LMIC. The test will be re-engineered to improve specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) of HPV testing by: (1) utilizing differet cycle threshold (CT) cutoffs for different groupings of HPV genotypes, 2) investigating testing for only selected HPV genotypes and (3) investigating the potential of using quantitative HPV viral load measurements for HPV 16 and possibly other genotypes. To further address the challenge of over-treatment in the SAT approach, we propose to investigate the potential added value of tests for cellular mRNA cancer biomarkers. Cepheid has novel preliminary data demonstrating the utility of cellular mRNA biomarkers to distinguish high-grade cervical neoplasia. Some have already been formatted for the GeneXpert platform. These approaches are designed to improve the specificity and PPV of a single round of screening, and thereby reduce the number of women without cervical disease undergoing treatment, without seriously compromising sensitivity, so as to preserve the public health impact of a SAT program.
There are stark global disparities in cervical cancer morbidity and mortality most especially in sub-Saharan Africa where this largely preventable cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death in women due to the absence of adequate cytology-based screening programs. We propose to adapt a point-of-care HPV test developed by Cepheid to improve cervical cancer prevention for women in low and middle income countries.
| Kuhn, Louise; Denny, Lynette (2017) The time is now to implement HPV testing for primary screening in low resource settings. Prev Med 98:42-44 |
