Sleep related breathing disorders (SRBD), especially obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), represent an important health problem, conferring substantial cognitive/behavioral symptoms and increased risk of motor vehicle accident, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes and death on at least 3% ofthe US population. Identifying novel treatments for OSA would be of great public health significance, because fully effective and acceptable OSA treatments are lacking. A critical need remains for NIH supported, mechanistically driven proof-of-concept clinical studies to evaluate novel therapeutic strategies. Despite basic research advances regarding the pathogenesis of OSA, generally effective drug treatments have not been identified. Based on our animal and preliminary human data, we propose to test the innovative hypothesis that cannabimimetic drugs are both effective in reducing sleep apnea severity and disease modifying in protecting against cardiovascular and neurological sequelae of OSA. Project 1 will be a randomized, placebo-controlled parallel groups proof-of-concept clinical trial of dronabinol in patients with OSA. Subjects will be randomized to receive either placebo or dronabinol for a period of 6 weeks. The overarching goal will be to establish the safety, tolerability and therapeutic efficacy of dronabinol in OSA, with co-primary efficacy endpoints including: reduced in apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) and improved subjective and objective daytime alertness at the end of treatment. Secondary endpoints will include improved oxygenation, sleep quality, blood pressure control and time-on-treatments effects. Project 2 will employ anesthetized and chronically instrumented conscious behaving animals to directly test the mechanisms of dronabinol action schematized in figure 1. For example, we will characterize dronabinol's dose-dependent inhibition of afferent vagal reflexes elicited by pharmacological and mechanical stimuli. We will use CBi and CB2 antagonists to confirm the receptor targets for reduced apnea propensity and we will establish the CNS versus vagal-reflex impact of dronabinol on upper airway muscle activity during sleep. We will test the hypothesis that cannabimimetics lower blood pressure by reducing sympathetic activity. Taken together, these projects will provide critical evidence regarding the potential efficacy and mechanisms of action for cannabimimetic treatment of OSA. By providing a path toward the first viable OSA pharmacotherapeutic, the proposed studies could have a tremendous impact on clinical practice.

Public Health Relevance

Obstructive sleep apnea confers significant cognitive/behavioral symptoms and increased cardiovascular and metabolic risks on at least 3% of the US population. The proposed studies will test the concept that dronabinol with important targets both in the brain and the peripheral nervous system, can reduce the severity and symptom burden of obstructive sleep apnea in a clinically significant fashion. If the concept is supported, these findings will open a pathway to develop more selective and specific cannabimimetic drugs to address a major unmet medical need for safe, effective and tolerable OSA therapies.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project with Complex Structure Cooperative Agreement (UM1)
Project #
5UM1HL112856-03
Application #
8730212
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZHL1-CSR-F)
Project Start
Project End
Budget Start
2014-05-01
Budget End
2015-04-30
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$132,311
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Illinois at Chicago
Department
Type
DUNS #
098987217
City
Chicago
State
IL
Country
United States
Zip Code
60612
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Calik, Michael W; Carley, David W (2016) Intracerebroventricular injections of dronabinol, a cannabinoid receptor agonist, does not attenuate serotonin-induced apnea in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Negat Results Biomed 15:8
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Calik, Michael W; Radulovacki, Miodrag; Carley, David W (2014) A method of nodose ganglia injection in Sprague-Dawley rat. J Vis Exp :e52233
Calik, Michael W; Radulovacki, Miodrag; Carley, David W (2014) Intranodose ganglion injections of dronabinol attenuate serotonin-induced apnea in Sprague-Dawley rat. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 190:20-4
Calik, Michael W; Carley, David W (2014) Cannabinoid type 1 and type 2 receptor antagonists prevent attenuation of serotonin-induced reflex apneas by dronabinol in Sprague-Dawley rats. PLoS One 9:e111412