Spontaneous, rhythmic subsarcolemmal local Ca2+ releases driven by cAMP-mediated, protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation are crucial for normal pacemaker function of sinoatrial nodal cells (SANC). Because local Ca2+ releases occur beneath the cell surface membrane, near to where adenylyl cyclases (ACs) reside, we hypothesized that the dual Ca2+ and cAMP/PKA regulatory components of automaticity are coupled via Ca2+ activation of AC activity within membrane microdomains. Here we show by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR that SANC express Ca2+-activated ACisoforms 1 and 8, in addition to AC type 2, 5, and 6 transcripts. Immunolabeling of cell fractions, isolated by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation, confirmed that ACs localize to membrane lipid microdomains. AC activity within these lipid microdomains is activated by Ca2+ over the entire physiological Ca2+ range. In intact SANC, the? high basal AC activity produces a high level of cAMP that is further elevated by phosphodiesterase inhibition. cAMP and cAMP-mediated PKA-dependent activation of ion channels and Ca2+ cycling proteins drive sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ releases, which, in turn, activate ACs. This feed forward fail safe system, kept in check by a high basal phosphodiesterase activity, is central to the generation of normal rhythmic, spontaneous action potentials by pacemaker cells.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
Type
Intramural Research (Z01)
Project #
1Z01AG000258-01
Application #
7732179
Study Section
Project Start
Project End
Budget Start
Budget End
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2008
Total Cost
$269,522
Indirect Cost
Name
National Institute on Aging
Department
Type
DUNS #
City
State
Country
United States
Zip Code
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