The virus family Caliciviridae consists of four genera is a family of positive-strand RNA viruses: (1) """"""""Norwalk like viruses"""""""" (with species Norwalk virus) (2) """"""""Sapporo-like viruses"""""""" (with species Sapporo virus); (3) Vesivirus (with species, feline calicivirus and vesicular exanthema of swine virus); and (4) Lagovirus (with species rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus and European brown hare syndrome virus). Norwalk virus (NV) is the prototype strain for the Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs), and was discovered by LID researchers in 1972. The NLVs are the major cause of nonbacterial epidemic gastroenteritis that occurs in family, school, institutional, or community-wide outbreaks, affecting all age groups. The NLVs are genetically diverse and cannot be grown in cell culture, which has been a continuing research obstacle. This year, we continued our work in the development of systems and animal models to study the biology and replication of the NLVs. The systems include: (1) expression of NLV proteins from cloned genes in several different expression vectors for the development of diagnostic assays for use in epidemiologic studies and for the analysis of protein function; and (2) studies using our feline calicivirus (FCV) reverse genetics system that includes an infectious cDNA clone and a permissive cell culture system. There were two calicivirus animal models that were explored further this year: (1) infection of chimpanzees with NLVs from human stool material in preparation for RNA transfection studies using transcripts derived from a full-length cDNA clone; and (2) infection of mink with mink enteric calicivirus (a """"""""Sapporo-like calicivirus"""""""") in an effort to develop a small animal model for calicivirus diarrhea. The long-term goal of this project is to elucidate the role of the NLVs in diarrheal disease and to develop strategies to lessen the disease burden.
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| Sosnovtsev, Stanislav V; Belliot, Gael; Chang, Kyeong-Ok et al. (2006) Cleavage map and proteolytic processing of the murine norovirus nonstructural polyprotein in infected cells. J Virol 80:7816-31 |
| Chang, Kyeong-Ok; Sosnovtsev, Stanislav V; Belliot, Gael et al. (2006) Stable expression of a Norwalk virus RNA replicon in a human hepatoma cell line. Virology 353:463-73 |
| Ward, Jerrold M; Wobus, Christiane E; Thackray, Larissa B et al. (2006) Pathology of immunodeficient mice with naturally occurring murine norovirus infection. Toxicol Pathol 34:708-15 |
| Sosnovtsev, Stanislav V; Belliot, Gael; Chang, Kyeong-Ok et al. (2005) Feline calicivirus VP2 is essential for the production of infectious virions. J Virol 79:4012-24 |
| Belliot, Gael; Sosnovtsev, Stanislav V; Chang, Kyeong-Ok et al. (2005) Norovirus proteinase-polymerase and polymerase are both active forms of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. J Virol 79:2393-403 |
| Chang, Kyeong-Ok; Sosnovtsev, Stanislav S; Belliot, Gael et al. (2005) Reverse genetics system for porcine enteric calicivirus, a prototype sapovirus in the Caliciviridae. J Virol 79:1409-16 |
| Mitra, Tanaji; Sosnovtsev, Stanislav V; Green, Kim Y (2004) Mutagenesis of tyrosine 24 in the VPg protein is lethal for feline calicivirus. J Virol 78:4931-5 |
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