Perinatal exposures may lead to increased risk of childhood cancers, as well as those later in life. Preconceptional parental, transplacental, and/or neonatal exposures may be involved. Studies with animal models are utilized to increase understanding of underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. Among the exposures of concern is environmental tobacco smoke. Cigarette smoking by fathers has been implicated in increased risk of childhood cancers in at least six epidemiological studies. We investigated transplacental oxidative DNA damage, in the form of the promutagenic DNA adduct 8-oxo-dG, in fetuses of pregnant rats exposed to environmental tobacco smoke at a concentration within the range experienced by humans. There was organ- and gestation-stage specific increase in these adducts: kidneys were affected when exposure was stopped at gestation day 16 (mid-third trimester), whereas there were increases in fetal liver and brain 8-oxo-dG when exposure continued until the end of gestation. Pregnant mothers also showed damage in liver and kidney on day 16. The increases in 8-oxo-dG were highly significant and were of the same magnitude as increases in childhood cancer risk related to paternal smoking. Another possible mechanism of paternal effects on childhood cancer is male-mediated transgenerational carcinogenesis. We have found that treatment of male mice with a carcinogen before mating leads to changes in serum corticosterone, insulin-like growth factor 1, and glucose in their offspring, assessed at ten weeks after birth. Microarray analysis of gene expression in livers and lungs of these offspring confirm that the hormone and glucose changes are associated with tissue effects that could be related to development of neoplasms. AIDS Title:

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Division of Basic Sciences - NCI (NCI)
Type
Intramural Research (Z01)
Project #
1Z01BC005352-19
Application #
6558898
Study Section
(LCC)
Project Start
Project End
Budget Start
Budget End
Support Year
19
Fiscal Year
2001
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Basic Sciences
Department
Type
DUNS #
City
State
Country
United States
Zip Code
Anderson, Lucy M (2006) Environmental genotoxicants/carcinogens and childhood cancer: bridgeable gaps in scientific knowledge. Mutat Res 608:136-56
Schmidt, Adele L; Anderson, Lucy M (2006) Repetitive DNA elements as mediators of genomic change in response to environmental cues. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 81:531-43
Anderson, Lucy M; Riffle, Lisa; Wilson, Ralph et al. (2006) Preconceptional fasting of fathers alters serum glucose in offspring of mice. Nutrition 22:327-31
Shiao, Yih-Horng; Crawford, Erik B; Anderson, Lucy M et al. (2005) Allele-specific germ cell epimutation in the spacer promoter of the 45S ribosomal RNA gene after Cr(III) exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 205:290-6
Anderson, Lucy M (2004) Introduction and overview. Perinatal carcinogenesis: growing a node for epidemiology, risk management, and animal studies. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 199:85-90
Souliotis, Vassilis L; Sfikakis, Petros P; Anderson, Lucy M et al. (2004) Intra- and intercellular variations in the repair efficiency of O6-methylguanine, and their contribution to kinetic complexity. Mutat Res 568:155-70
Cheng, R Y S; Birely, L A; Lum, N L et al. (2004) Expressions of hepatic genes, especially IGF-binding protein-1, correlating with serum corticosterone in microarray analysis. J Mol Endocrinol 32:257-78
Anderson, Lucy M (2004) Predictive values of traditional animal bioassay studies for human perinatal carcinogenesis risk determination. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 199:162-74
Cheng, Robert Y-S; Hockman, Tyler; Crawford, Erik et al. (2004) Epigenetic and gene expression changes related to transgenerational carcinogenesis. Mol Carcinog 40:1-11
Cisneros, Francisco Javier; Wilson, Ralph; Travlos, Gregory et al. (2003) Susceptibility to postnatal growth retardation induced by 5-AZA-2'-deoxycytidine in utero: gender specificity and correlation with reduced insulin-like growth factor 1. Life Sci 72:2887-94

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