The goal of this project is to better understand the effects of host cells and other co-factors on human retroviral replication and pathogenesis. After development of the infectious molecular clone of Human T cell Leukemia Lymphoma virus type I (HTLV-1), we determined that cell-free infrection results in cytokine dependent transformation and that p12 and p30 open reading frames of HTLV-I are not needed for transformation. It is now clear that HTLV, HIV and Human Foamy Virus, there is a balance between productive infection and latent infection. In AIDS patients, we and others have found that this equilibrium can upset by immune stimulation and methylation. We are studying the pathogenic consequences of altering this balance using T cells and nocyte/macrophages. Monocytes from asymptomatic HIV+ individuals contained latent HIV. After coculture of these monocytes with Con A- activited T-cells from HIV negative normal donors, these monocytes expressed virus. In latently infected THP-1, infectious virus was made after 5-azacytidine exposure. Since this suggests that cellular methylation plays a role in HIV replication, we studied whether HIV infection could result in aberrant methylation of cellular genes. A significant increase in the de novo methylation of the IFN-gamma promoter, which correlated with decreased expression, was seen in these acutely infected cells. a CD4+ lymphoid cell line-JMO, which expresses IFN-gamma constitutively, was stablely transfected using expression vectors containingf DNA MTase cDNA in the antisense orientation (TMH). Rnase protection analyses demonstrated a significantly lover level of MTase expression in the JMO expressing antisense MTase. Southern anaylsis showed hemimethylation of the IFN-gamma promoter in the JMO cell line expressing the parental neo construct while JMO-TMH was completely hypomethylated. IFN-gamma production in cell line constitutively expressing the parental vector. After acute infection of HIV

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Intramural Research (Z01)
Project #
1Z01BC010252-04
Application #
6289321
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (LLB)
Project Start
Project End
Budget Start
Budget End
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
1999
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
National Cancer Institute Division of Basic Sciences
Department
Type
DUNS #
City
State
Country
United States
Zip Code
Takenouchi, Norihiro; Jones, Kathryn S; Lisinski, Ivonne et al. (2007) GLUT1 is not the primary binding receptor but is associated with cell-to-cell transmission of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1. J Virol 81:1506-10
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Taub, Dennis D; Mikovits, Judy A; Nilsson, Gunnar et al. (2004) Alterations in mast cell function and survival following in vitro infection with human immunodeficiency viruses-1 through CXCR4. Cell Immunol 230:65-80
Finnegan, Catherine M; Rawat, Satinder S; Puri, Anu et al. (2004) Ceramide, a target for antiretroviral therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:15452-7
Puri, Anu; Rawat, Satinder S; Lin, Han-Ming Joseph et al. (2004) An inhibitor of glycosphingolipid metabolism blocks HIV-1 infection of primary T-cells. AIDS 18:849-58

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