The focus of our section's research program is to develop therapeutic strategies aimed at overcoming drug resistance in cancer. Our research has been dedicated to the translation of drug resistance reversal strategies to the clinic. The design of our clinical trials has been enhanced by laboratory support that has allowed us to analyze clinical samples and interpret the clinical trial findings. A significant clinical trial effort has related to the inhibition of P-glycoprotein, an ABC transporter mediating resistance through outward transport of anticancer agents. These studies have been carried out collaboratively with Dr. Tito Fojo and evaluate the hypothesis that Pgp modulation may increase anticancer drug efficacy. In trials carried out across the globe, beginning with the failed first-generation trials that employed agents without sufficient potency, and continuing with the failed second-generation trials centered on valspodar with its accompanying need for anticancer agent dose reduction, there has been much disappointment in this field. Even a multinational randomized trial combining the new agent tariquidar with paclitaxel or vinorelbine closed early for toxicity. It must be stated that there is no convincing proof to date that this strategy will eventually be shown to provide clinical benefit and the resistance reversal paradigm remains a hypothesis. The failed earlier strategies do not negate strong evidence supporting continued development of Pgp antagonists. However, the project can be viewed as high risk with potentially high gain for multiple tumor types and thus very appropriate for the NCI intramural program.Current studies are evaluating the third generation inhibitor tariquidar (XR9576). In our completed Phase I interaction study with vinorelbine and tariquidar, total inhibition of Pgp-mediated drug efflux was observed in CD56+ cells, with persistence of inhibition for 48 hours after a single intravenous dose of tariquidar. 99mTc-sestamibi imaging was employed as a surrogate for altered drug accumulation in normal and tumor tissues. More than half of the patients had detectable increases in tumor uptake of 99mTc-sestamibi. Our goal in launching a new tariquidar trial was to gather more data regarding the safety of tariquidar in combination with a chemotherapeutic agent and to identify a combination that could be used as a single agent. Docetaxel was chosen as an excellent Pgp substrate with known efficacy that could be benefited by increasing drug accumulation in lung, cervical, or ovarian cancer. In planning an interaction trial of docetaxel with tariquidar, we selected an effective but conservative dose of docetaxel - 75 mg/m2 on a q-3-week schedule. The trial is designed with both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assays. To examine whether tariquidar interferes with docetaxel clearance, careful pharmacokinetics will be performed on a dose of docetaxel administered with and without tariquidar. To limit the length of time that a patient is treated without the modulator, the pharmacokinetic portion of the study is carried out on two 40 mg/m2 docetaxel doses, one week apart. The order of administration of tariquidar is randomized between the day 1 and day 8 doses. Patients begin therapy with 75 mg/m2 q-3-weeks in combination with tariquidar in the second cycle. In addition to pharmacokinetic analysis, 99mTc-sestamibi studies are performed in each enrolled patient with and without tariquidar, and our laboratory carries out CD56+ rhodamine assays in peripheral mononuclear cells. The trial is open and accruing patients without major toxicity, with 39 patients enrolled to date.Although the 99mTc-sestamibi studies provide good proof-of-concept showing increased radionuclide accumulation following tariquidar, the studies are poorly quantitative because they are planar images and background often overwhelms differences.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Division of Basic Sciences - NCI (NCI)
Type
Intramural Research (Z01)
Project #
1Z01BC010620-03
Application #
7338691
Study Section
(MOB)
Project Start
Project End
Budget Start
Budget End
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2006
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Basic Sciences
Department
Type
DUNS #
City
State
Country
United States
Zip Code
Abraham, Jame; Edgerly, Maureen; Wilson, Richard et al. (2009) A phase I study of the P-glycoprotein antagonist tariquidar in combination with vinorelbine. Clin Cancer Res 15:3574-82
Liao, Zhiyong; Robey, Robert W; Guirouilh-Barbat, Josee et al. (2008) Reduced expression of DNA topoisomerase I in SF295 human glioblastoma cells selected for resistance to homocamptothecin and diflomotecan. Mol Pharmacol 73:490-7
Deeken, John F; Figg, William D; Bates, Susan E et al. (2007) Toward individualized treatment: prediction of anticancer drug disposition and toxicity with pharmacogenetics. Anticancer Drugs 18:111-26
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Stein, Wilfred D; Litman, Thomas; Fojo, Tito et al. (2007) A database study that identifies genes whose expression correlates, negatively or positively, with 5-year survival of cancer patients. Biochim Biophys Acta 1770:857-71
Nesterova, Maria V; Johnson, Natalie; Cheadle, Christopher et al. (2006) Autoantibody cancer biomarker: extracellular protein kinase A. Cancer Res 66:8971-4
Robey, Robert W; Zhan, Zhirong; Piekarz, Richard L et al. (2006) Increased MDR1 expression in normal and malignant peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from patients receiving depsipeptide (FR901228, FK228, NSC630176). Clin Cancer Res 12:1547-55
Sisodiya, Sanjay M; Bates, Susan E (2006) Treatment of drug resistance in epilepsy: one step at a time. Lancet Neurol 5:380-1
Stein, Wilfred D; Litman, Thomas; Fojo, Tito et al. (2005) Differential expression of cell adhesion genes: implications for drug resistance. Int J Cancer 113:861-5
Lepper, Erin R; Baker, Sharyn D; Permenter, Matt et al. (2005) Effect of common CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 variants on the pharmacokinetics of the cytochrome P450 3A phenotyping probe midazolam in cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res 11:7398-404

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