of work: Sonodynamic therapy is a promising new modality for cancer treatment based on the synergistic effects of cell killing by a combination of sonosensitzer and ultrasound. Ultrasound can penetrate deeply into tissue and can be focused in a small region of tumor to activate non-toxic molecules (e.g. porphyrins ) thus minimizing undesirable side effects. The experimental evidence suggests that sonosensitization is due to the chemical activation of sonosensitizers inside or in close vicinity of hot collapsing cavitation bubbles to form sensitizer-derived radicals either by direct pyrolysis of the sensitizer at the water-gas interface or due to the reactions of hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals formed by the pyrolysis of water. The free radicals derived from the sonosensitizer (mostly carbon-centered) react with oxygen to form peroxyl and alkoxyl radicals. Unlike OH radicals and H atoms which are formed by pyrolysis inside cavitation bubbles, the reactivity of alkoxyl and peroxyl radicals with organic compounds in biological media is much lower and hence they have a higher probability of reaching critical cellular sites. It is known that the ultrasound frequency affects the number of radicals that can be produced during sonolysis and the efficiency of sonodynamic therapy. A major limitation in determining effects of ultrasound frequency in sonochemistry due to cavitation is the absence of a relationship between the energy supplied to the system and the energy converted by the cavitation process into a sonochemical effect. Recently we have found a frequency effect which is independent of the energy supplied to the system. Spin trapping of secondary carbon radicals with 3,5-dibromo-4-nitrosobenzenesulfonic acid and electron paramagnetic resonance have been used to determine the relative ability of 2 non-volatile surfactants [sodium 1-pentanesulfonic acid (SPSo) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)] to scavenge H atoms and OH radicals at the gas/solution interface of cavitation bubbles at 3 frequencies ( 47, 354 and 1057 kHz ). At specific bulk concentrations the surfactants reach a limiting plateau value in radical scavenging ability. At 354 and 47 kHz the magnitude of this plateau was greater for SPSo than for SDS. However at 1057 kHz no difference in the plateau values was observed.. Thus at the plateau concentrations the relative ability of these n-alkyl chain surfactants to scavenge radicals at the gas/solution interface of cavitation bubbles depends on the ultrasound frequency but is independent of the ultrasound intensity. These observations can be explained in terms the effect of the rate of change of the surface area of """"""""high energy stable cavitation bubbles"""""""" at different ultrasound frequencies on the ability of surfactants to accumulate at the gas/solution interface of cavitation bubbles.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Division of Clinical Sciences - NCI (NCI)
Type
Intramural Research (Z01)
Project #
1Z01SC006358-19
Application #
6756260
Study Section
(RBB)
Project Start
Project End
Budget Start
Budget End
Support Year
19
Fiscal Year
2002
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Clinical Sciences
Department
Type
DUNS #
City
State
Country
United States
Zip Code
Buldakov, Mikhail A; Hassan, Mariame A; Zhao, Qing-Li et al. (2009) Influence of changing pulse repetition frequency on chemical and biological effects induced by low-intensity ultrasound in vitro. Ultrason Sonochem 16:392-7
Sostaric, Joe Z (2008) A comparative sonochemical reaction that is independent of the intensity of ultrasound and the geometry of the exposure apparatus. Ultrason Sonochem 15:1043-8
Sostaric, Joe Z (2008) A chemical sensor that can detect the frequency of ultrasound. J Am Chem Soc 130:3248-9
Cheng, Jason Y; Riesz, Peter (2007) Mechanism of the protective effects of long chain n-alkyl glucopyranosides against ultrasound-induced cytolysis of HL-60 cells. Ultrason Sonochem 14:667-71
Sostaric, Joe Z; Miyoshi, Norio; Riesz, Peter et al. (2005) n-Alkyl glucopyranosides completely inhibit ultrasound-induced cytolysis. Free Radic Biol Med 39:1539-48
Feril Jr, Loreto B; Tsuda, Yuko; Kondo, Takashi et al. (2004) Ultrasound-induced killing of monocytic U937 cells enhanced by 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride. Cancer Sci 95:181-5
Feril Jr, L B; Kondo, T; Takaya, K et al. (2004) Enhanced ultrasound-induced apoptosis and cell lysis by a hypotonic medium. Int J Radiat Biol 80:165-75
Rosenthal, Ionel; Sostaric, Joe Z; Riesz, Peter (2004) Sonodynamic therapy--a review of the synergistic effects of drugs and ultrasound. Ultrason Sonochem 11:349-63