There are many factors that influence the addictiveness of a drug. The route of administration is a major determinant of the speed of drug entry into the body and to receptors in the central nervous system. Clinical studies are in progress which determine the importance of different routes of administration and the relationship of blood concentrations of drug and active metabolites to concomitant drug effects. Studies of heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, codeine and cannabis administration by the intravenous, smoked, intranasal and oral routes are underway or in the data analysis stage. Pharmacodynamic effects include subjective, cognitive and psychomotor performance, physiological measures and specific brain activity as assessed by fMRI. Plasma, urine, oral fluid, sweat, hair and skin are analyzed for drug and metabolites by solid phase extraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The intravenous and smoked routes produce a rapid onset of pharmacological effects together with an early appearance of drug and metabolites in blood. Evidence of delays in distribution to effector sites are observed following cannabis smoking, but drug effects following heroin and cocaine administration coincided more closely with concurrent blood concentrations. Onset of effects is delayed following intranasal and especially after oral administration.

Project Start
Project End
Budget Start
Budget End
Support Year
15
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$313,881
Indirect Cost
Name
National Institute on Drug Abuse
Department
Type
DUNS #
City
State
Country
Zip Code
Marin, Stephanie J; Doyle, Kelly; Chang, Annie et al. (2015) One Hundred False-Positive Amphetamine Specimens Characterized by Liquid Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol :
Manini, Alex F; Yiannoulos, Georgia; Bergamaschi, Mateus M et al. (2015) Safety and pharmacokinetics of oral cannabidiol when administered concomitantly with intravenous fentanyl in humans. J Addict Med 9:204-10
Battal, Dilek; Barnes, Allan J; Castaneto, Marisol S et al. (2015) Urine mescaline screening with a biochip array immunoassay and quantification by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Ther Drug Monit :
Newmeyer, Matthew N; Concheiro, Marta; da Costa, Jose Luiz et al. (2015) Oral fluid with three modes of collection and plasma methamphetamine and amphetamine enantiomer concentrations after controlled intranasal l-methamphetamine administration. Drug Test Anal 7:877-83
Kwako, Laura E; Spagnolo, Primavera A; Schwandt, Melanie L et al. (2015) The corticotropin releasing hormone-1 (CRH1) receptor antagonist pexacerfont in alcohol dependence: a randomized controlled experimental medicine study. Neuropsychopharmacology 40:1053-63
Concheiro, Marta; Newmeyer, Matthew N; da Costa, Jose Luiz et al. (2015) Morphine and codeine in oral fluid after controlled poppy seed administration. Drug Test Anal 7:586-91
Ellefsen, Kayla N; da Costa, Jose Luiz; Concheiro, Marta et al. (2015) Cocaine and metabolite concentrations in DBS and venous blood after controlled intravenous cocaine administration. Bioanalysis 7:2041-56
Lee, Dayong; Huestis, Marilyn A (2014) Current knowledge on cannabinoids in oral fluid. Drug Test Anal 6:88-111
Concheiro, Marta; Baumann, Michael H; Scheidweiler, Karl B et al. (2014) Nonlinear pharmacokinetics of (+/-)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its pharmacodynamic consequences in the rat. Drug Metab Dispos 42:119-25
Ellefsen, Kayla N; Concheiro, Marta; Beck, Olof et al. (2014) Quantification of cocaine and metabolites in exhaled breath by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry following controlled administration of intravenous cocaine. Anal Bioanal Chem 406:6213-23

Showing the most recent 10 out of 52 publications