Support is provided for the 1991 Gordon Conference, July 29-August 2, 1991. The subject, development of microstructure and the processes that control it, is part of the foundation of physical metallurgy. It is a continually evolving area dependent on advanced characterization techniques, theoretical modeling and analyses, and the stimulus of new and advanced materials. This conference zeros in on the subject from a unified perspective. It ties together theoretical modeling and analysis, ideal systems, real systems, and current limitations in predictive capability and processing control. It is an ideal forum to discuss the new NSF initiative on synthesis and processing, which has direct ties to microstructure development.