The history of science in America cannot be discussed without acknowledging the central role that James McKeen Cattell (1860- 1944) played in its development. He was a psychologist trained in Europe whose first experiments led directly to the formation of behavioralist psychology, and he originated the first program of mental tests in 1890 as part of a goal of creating an applied psychology. Yet his major contribution to science was not in the field in which he was trained. For Cattell played a major role in the emergence of Columbia University and the New York scientific community; he was a long-time owner and editor of the journal Science as well as a number of other important scientific periodicals; he created American Men of Science (now American Men and Women of Science) and controlled for many years the American Association for the Advancement of Science. His mark thus remains indelibly on the major institutions of modern American science. Dr. Sokal is undertaking a major study of Cattell's life and work. Dr. Sokal argues that Cattell approached his work with an understanding of science rooted in the 19th century. He plans to trace how Cattell's 20th century significance emerged directly from his 19th century attitudes. This study promises to enhance our understanding of how American science came to be organized as it is today.
