Will the expansion of democratic governance in Africa lead to a strengthening of national identities and a consolidation of nation-states or will it lead instead to an intensification of ethnic, religious, regional or linguistic identities and the emergence of sub-national groups with revisionist demands? This research will assess the impact of democratic political change in two Central African nations, Zambia and Malawi following recent transitional elections. Attitudinal surveys will be conducted in each country with questions repeating those conducted in earlier surveys. This design permits longitudinal analysis of political cleavages in these nations that are undergoing rapid political and social change.
