This research is an historical investigation of the `going public` strategy used by U.S. presidents. The central theoretical statement holds that campaign strategies affect governing practices. The research focuses on changes in campaigning styles by presidential candidates at the turn of the twentieth century and links these changes to governing strategies that focused on direct appeals to the mass public. A new data set is developed of campaigning activities and presidential policy announcements. A multivariate statistical model using `event counts` is used to test the change in governing practices over time.
