Candidate: Dr. Steffani Bailey has her PhD in clinical psychology and is a Research Assistant Professor in the Department of Family Medicine at Oregon Health & Science University. Dr. Bailey has conducted lab-based studies on craving processes, and directed two randomized clinical trials for smoking cessation in community- based populations. She has 19 peer-reviewed publications, with 9 as first author. Dr. Bailey's previous research experience in smoking cessation, the training activities proposed in the K23 application, and her multidisciplinary team of mentors, will provide her with the expertise and guidance necessary to become an independent investigator in primary care smoking cessation research with underserved populations. Research Focus: Electronic health records (EHR) are increasingly being used to prompt health care providers to assess and treat tobacco use, as well as to document that these services were rendered. The United States Congress passed legislation (meaningful use of EHR) that could increase the use of the EHR for both assessing smoking status and providing cessation assistance in clinics serving Medicaid and Medicare patients. EHRs can aid in the ability to track the progress on selected indicators and can be utilized in research to identify important information about subpopulations that are less likely to be getting the standard of care for tobacco use treatment. Although research has shown that EHR use does increase the number of unique patients asked about smoking status, research is mixed on whether use of this technology increases rates of quitting advice or smoking cessation. The study will use quantitative data from OCHIN, a multiple-facility, linked EHR provider, and qualitative data from clinic observations and interviews with health care providers and patients. This mixed-methods study will 1) evaluate whether implementation of Stage 1 Meaningful Use of EHRs for smoking indicators, which includes changes to the EHR vital signs section, increases rates of assessing smoking status and readiness to quit, and smoking cessation assistance, 2) identify patient, provider, and clinic characteristics associated with rates of smoking assessment and delivery of cessation services, and 3) identify factors that promote and hinder smoking cessation treatment in primary care settings through clinic observations and interviews with both health care providers and patients. This research will inform the development of a primary care-based smoking cessation intervention that utilizes health information technology, as well as develop Dr. Bailey's career in primary care research focused on underserved populations. Training goals: Dr. Bailey's training goals include 1) developing an advanced understanding of facilitators and barriers to the assessment and treatment of smoking in federally-qualified health centers (FQHCs), including use of health information technology, 2) increasing her knowledge of health disparities in underserved populations, 3) developing skills in qualitative methodology and mixed methods research, including advanced biostatistical analysis. Environment: Dr. Bailey will undergo her career development in the Department of Family Medicine at Oregon Health & Science University, an organization with significant and longstanding resources for early-career researchers. She has strong institutional and departmental support. Methods: Using EHR data from 21 FQHC primary care clinics, and random effects Poisson regression, Dr. Bailey will evaluate whether implementation of Stage 1 Meaningful Use increases the rates of assessing smoking status and readiness to quit, and providing smoking cessation assistance (Aim 1). Using 2014 EHR data from 69 FQHC primary care clinics, she will conduct logistic generalized estimating equation regression analyses to examine associations between patient, provider, and clinic-level characteristics and rates of the assessment and treatment of smoking (Aim 2). Finally, using qualitative methods, she will identify facilitators and barriers to smoking cessation treatment in FQHCs. She will collect this data through patient and provider interviews and observations of clinics with the highest and lowest rates of smoking cessation assistance (Aim 3). Outcomes: These results will aid in determining whether resources being invested in the meaningful use of EHR are producing any measurable changes and how they might need to be improved. Findings from this study can inform policy and clinical practices, particularly in primary care settings that provide services to underserved populations with higher than average smoking rates. Results from this study will inform the design of a future intervention for smoking cessation in FQHCs that will be proposed in an R01 application during the latter years of the award period.

Public Health Relevance

This innovative mixed methods study will 1) examine the impact of the implementation of Stage 1 Meaningful Use of Electronic Health Records on the assessment and treatment of smoking in a network of Federally- Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs), and 2) identify facilitators and barriers to the delivery and utilization of smoking cessation treatments in these settings. This project will provide valuable information for medical providers and policy makers as they attempt to increase smoking cessation services for underserved patients through the use of electronic health records. The findings will contribute to the design of randomized clinical trials to evaluate innovative smoking cessation treatments in FQHCs using health information technology.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Type
Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award (K23)
Project #
5K23DA037453-04
Application #
9402592
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Duffy, Sarah Q
Project Start
2015-02-15
Project End
2020-01-31
Budget Start
2018-02-01
Budget End
2019-01-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Oregon Health and Science University
Department
Family Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
096997515
City
Portland
State
OR
Country
United States
Zip Code
97239
Heintzman, John; Kaufmann, Jorge; Ezekiel-Herrera, David et al. (2018) Asthma/COPD Disparities in Diagnosis and Basic Care Utilization Among Low-Income Primary Care Patients. J Immigr Minor Health :
Bailey, Steffani R; Heintzman, John; Jacob, R Lorie et al. (2018) Disparities in Smoking Cessation Assistance in US Primary Care Clinics. Am J Public Health 108:1082-1090
Bailey, Steffani R; Stevens, Victor J; Fortmann, Stephen P et al. (2018) Long-Term Outcomes From Repeated Smoking Cessation Assistance in Routine Primary Care. Am J Health Promot 32:1582-1590
Hatch, Brigit; Marino, Miguel; Killerby, Marie et al. (2017) Medicaid's Impact on Chronic Disease Biomarkers: A Cohort Study of Community Health Center Patients. J Gen Intern Med 32:940-947
Heintzman, John; Bailey, Steffani R; DeVoe, Jennifer et al. (2017) In Low-Income Latino Patients, Post-Affordable Care Act Insurance Disparities May Be Reduced Even More than Broader National Estimates: Evidence from Oregon. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 4:329-336
Angier, H; O'Malley, J P; Marino, M et al. (2017) Evaluating community health centers' adoption of a new global capitation payment (eCHANGE) study protocol. Contemp Clin Trials 52:35-38
Heintzman, John D; Bailey, Steffani R; Muench, John et al. (2017) Lack of Lipid Screening Disparities in Obese Latino Adults at Health Centers. Am J Prev Med 52:805-809
Bailey, Steffani R; Heintzman, John D; Marino, Miguel et al. (2017) Smoking-Cessation Assistance: Before and After Stage 1 Meaningful Use Implementation. Am J Prev Med 53:192-200
Laude, Jennifer R; Bailey, Steffani R; Crew, Erin et al. (2017) Extended treatment for cigarette smoking cessation: a randomized control trial. Addiction 112:1451-1459
O'Malley, Jean P; O'Keeffe-Rosetti, Maureen; Lowe, Robert A et al. (2016) Health Care Utilization Rates After Oregon's 2008 Medicaid Expansion: Within-Group and Between-Group Differences Over Time Among New, Returning, and Continuously Insured Enrollees. Med Care 54:984-991

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