Bile acid overproduction is implicated in diarrhea associated with several GI disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Bile acids in the ileum stimulate the expression and secretion of ileal Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 (FGF15 in mice), which circulates to the liver to suppress CYP7A1 enzyme that mediates the rate-limiting step of bile acid synthesis. Recent studies showed that the levels of FGF15/19 are decreased in mouse model of intestinal inflammation and in patients with IBD along with an increase in the rate of hepatic bile acid synthesis. These observations provided evidence for the key role of FGF15/19 in the pathogenesis of diarrhea during intestinal inflammation, albeit the mechanisms underlying this decrease are not fully understood. Our preliminary data provided evidence demonstrating a decrease in FGF15/19 expression and promoter activity by TNF suggesting a direct effect of proinflammatory cytokines on FGF15/19 expression. In this regards, dietary compounds that increase ileal FGF15/19 expression could be exploited to reduce the excessive production of bile acids. Our novel preliminary findings showed that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), normally found in foods such as soy and egg yolk, induced the expression of FGF15/19 providing a new lead to novel therapeutic interventions to treat bile acid-induced diarrhea. Based on these data, we hypothesized that ileal FGF15/19 expression is decreased by pro-inflammatory cytokines via transcriptional mechanisms leading to subsequent increase in hepatic CYP7A1 and exacerbating diarrhea associated with intestinal inflammation. We further hypothesized that the activation of LPA-receptors in intestinal epithelial cells triggers specific signaling pathways that lead to an increase in FGF15/19 expression and could be exploited as a therapy for bile acid-induced diarrhea. The proposed studies will utilize advanced in vitro models including intestinal organoids and human epithelial Caco2 cells cultured in 3 dimensional matrigel. FGF15 knockout mice and transgenic mice with hepatic overexpression of CYP7A1 with overproduction of bile acids will be used to investigate the impact of disrupting FGF15/19-CYP7A1 axis on diarrhea and intestinal inflammation. Studies in Aim 1 will determine the molecular mechanisms involved in the inhibition of FGF15/19 by cytokines. Proposed studies in Aim 2 will investigate the mechanisms underlying the upregulation of FGF15/19 expression and secretion by LPA and determine the LPA receptor subtype involved utilizing LPA receptor knockout mice.
Aim 3 is designed to investigate the effects of LPA on bile acid homeostasis and examine the contribution of disrupting ileal FGF15-hepatic CYP7A1 to diarrhea and deregulation of intestinal ion transport in mouse models of intestinal inflammation (DSS and TNBS-induced intestinal inflammation). Unraveling the molecular mechanisms controlling crosstalk between the gut and liver will provide the basis for future clinical studies to design novel therapy for bile acid-induced diarrhea.

Public Health Relevance

The increase in the amount of bile acids secreted from the liver into the intestine represents a major factor contributing to diarrhea associated with gut disorders. Bile acid production in the liver is under the control of a hormone secreted from the small intestine called FGF19. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have low levels of FGF19 with subsequent excessive production of bile acids that leads to harmful effects in the intestine. The studies proposed in this grant application seek to introduce new therapeutic agents that induce the expression of FGF19 to alleviate diarrhea associated with intestinal inflammation. The proposed studies are crucial to support future clinical trials to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of beneficial compounds to enhance ileal FGF19 expression and treat bile acid-induced diarrhea.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01DK109709-01
Application #
9127426
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Perrin, Peter J
Project Start
2016-08-01
Project End
2020-07-31
Budget Start
2016-08-01
Budget End
2017-07-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Illinois at Chicago
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
098987217
City
Chicago
State
IL
Country
United States
Zip Code
60612
Kumar, Anoop; Chatterjee, Ishita; Anbazhagan, Arivarasu N et al. (2018) Cryptosporidium parvum disrupts intestinal epithelial barrier function via altering expression of key tight junction and adherens junction proteins. Cell Microbiol 20:e12830
Zhang, Yong-Guo; Singhal, Megha; Lin, Zhijie et al. (2018) Infection with enteric pathogens Salmonella typhimurium and Citrobacter rodentium modulate TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathways in the intestine. Gut Microbes 9:326-337
Boule, Lisbeth A; Ju, Cynthia; Agudelo, Marisela et al. (2018) Summary of the 2016 Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting. Alcohol 66:35-43
Jayawardena, Dulari; Guzman, Grace; Gill, Ravinder K et al. (2017) Expression and localization of VPAC1, the major receptor of vasoactive intestinal peptide along the length of the intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 313:G16-G25
Kumar, Anoop; Chatterjee, Ishita; Gujral, Tarunmeet et al. (2017) Activation of Nuclear Factor-?B by Tumor Necrosis Factor in Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Mouse Intestinal Epithelia Reduces Expression of the Chloride Transporter SLC26A3. Gastroenterology 153:1338-1350.e3
Malhotra, Pooja; Aloman, Costica; Ankireddy, Aparna et al. (2017) Overactivation of intestinal sterol response element-binding protein 2 promotes diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 313:G376-G385
Chatterjee, Ishita; Kumar, Anoop; Castilla-Madrigal, Rosa MarĂ­a et al. (2017) CDX2 upregulates SLC26A3 gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 313:G256-G264
Singhal, Megha; Manzella, Christopher; Soni, Vinay et al. (2017) Role of SHP2 protein tyrosine phosphatase in SERT inhibition by enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 312:G443-G449