Our program is devoted to understanding the roles played by transition metals in biologically central enzymatic transformations. We here focus on three key problems involving enzymatic transition-ion centers, and have assembled outstanding multidisciplinary teams to attack them. The approach to one problem incorporates a study of biomimetic inorganic complexes. The approaches to all incorporate a suite of advanced paramagnetic resonance techniques, many of which we have developed, one of which will be enhanced by further development.
The Aims for the coming period build on remarkable advances during the current grant period1-41 and represent both dramatic reinventions of ongoing projects and the initiation of major new ones. (a) 'Radical-SAM (S-adenosyl methionine)' enzymes: This enzyme superfamily is Nature's most widespread means of performing radical-based chemistry. We will explore profound insights into and challenges for the accepted paradigm of radical initiation, reductive homolytic cleavage of SAM, raised by our recent discoveries. (b) Enzymatic C-H Activation: This process has a central role in the emerging idea that active-site dynamic compaction is of major importance in enzyme catalysis. Our new ENDOR structure- determination protocol has provided a foundation for this picture, and will be used to develop a precise understanding of how active-site architecture and enzyme dynamics control catalytic C-H bond cleavage. (c) Mechanism of N2 activation: We recently revealed how the nitrogenase MoFe protein is activated to carry out one of the most challenging chemical transformation in biology, cleavage of the N?N triple bond. We will test and extend this mechanism, while deepening and expanding our understanding of the nitrogenase catalytic cycle by with an ultimate aim of characterizing the structures and mechanistic interconversions of the complete set of enzyme intermediates. (d) Biomimetic Complexes: We strengthen our ability to characterize trapped nitrogenase intermediates through ENDOR studies of the suite of biomimetic metal complexes, which exhibit every proposed state of N2 binding and reduction, while in parallel supporting the efforts of synthetic inorganic chemists' to generate catalytically competent biomimetic complexes. (e) Methods Development: For many systems, the CW ENDOR protocol gives far better signal/noise than pulsed (Davies, Mims) ENDOR techniques. However, `sweep artifacts' in CW ENDOR often distort the ENDOR response and lose information. Our hybrid `stochastic ENDOR' protocol (CW EPR/pulsed RF) abolishes these artifacts, but at present its application is `hit or miss'. Its proposed development will provide the option of choosing the optimum protocol for each spin system studied. Synergy: Each of the enzyme systems addressed a problem of fundamental importance, while the diversity of these Aims synergistically benefits each one.
Our program assembles outstanding multidisciplinary teams devoted to understanding the the roles played by transition metals in enzymatic transformations central to human health and disease. The approaches to these problems commonly incorporate a suite of advanced paramagnetic resonance techniques, many of which we have developed, as augmented by kinetic and photophysical measurements. The essential biological and biochemical roles played by the systems studied include: initiation of radical reactions by perhaps the most widespread enzyme superfamily; bond cleavage during synthesis of essential biomolecules; enzymatic formation of bio-available nitrogen, on which over half the world's population depends.
| McWilliams, Sean F; Bunting, Philip C; Kathiresan, Venkatesan et al. (2018) Isolation and characterization of a high-spin mixed-valent iron dinitrogen complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 54:13339-13342 |
| Harris, Derek F; Lukoyanov, Dmitriy A; Shaw, Sudipta et al. (2018) Mechanism of N2 Reduction Catalyzed by Fe-Nitrogenase Involves Reductive Elimination of H2. Biochemistry 57:701-710 |
| Seefeldt, Lance C; Hoffman, Brian M; Peters, John W et al. (2018) Energy Transduction in Nitrogenase. Acc Chem Res 51:2179-2186 |
| Purohit, Rahul; Ross, Matthew O; Batelu, Sharon et al. (2018) Cu+-specific CopB transporter: Revising P1B-type ATPase classification. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:2108-2113 |
| Harris, Derek F; Yang, Zhi-Yong; Dean, Dennis R et al. (2018) Kinetic Understanding of N2 Reduction versus H2 Evolution at the E4(4H) Janus State in the Three Nitrogenases. Biochemistry 57:5706-5714 |
| Ro, Soo Y; Ross, Matthew O; Deng, Yue Wen et al. (2018) From micelles to bicelles: Effect of the membrane on particulate methane monooxygenase activity. J Biol Chem 293:10457-10465 |
| Seefeldt, Lance C; Peters, John W; Beratan, David N et al. (2018) Control of electron transfer in nitrogenase. Curr Opin Chem Biol 47:54-59 |
| Broderick, William E; Hoffman, Brian M; Broderick, Joan B (2018) Mechanism of Radical Initiation in the Radical S-Adenosyl-l-methionine Superfamily. Acc Chem Res 51:2611-2619 |
| Fisher, Oriana S; Kenney, Grace E; Ross, Matthew O et al. (2018) Characterization of a long overlooked copper protein from methane- and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Nat Commun 9:4276 |
| Gallagher, Audrey T; Lee, Jung Yoon; Kathiresan, Venkatesan et al. (2018) A structurally-characterized peroxomanganese(iv) porphyrin from reversible O2 binding within a metal-organic framework. Chem Sci 9:1596-1603 |
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