Herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK) is a leading cause of infectious blindness in the United States. Visual loss most commonly results from recurrent stromal disease, as opposed to primary HSK and appears to be the result of immune- mediated corneal destruction. Most experimental models have focused on primary rather than recurrent keratitis. We study a model of recurrent HSK that mimics many clinical and immunological features of recurrent HSK in humans. While current data indicates that primary and recurrent HSK are similar, there are significant differences in the clinical pathology, viral antigen distribution, cellular infiltration within the cornea, importance of both some cytokines and chemokines and responses to vaccine therapy, thus suggesting that the immune responses in these two diseases is not identical. Over the past 15+ years our and a few other labs have characterized much of what is known concerning recurrent HSK. Based on our most recent data concerning the role that costimulatory molecules play in HSK as we have demonstrated the central role that CD28 plays in mediating this disease, but at the same time is involved in suppressing spontaneous viral reactivation from latency. We have also shown that CD137L is likely involved in disease amelioration. These data further support the notion that HSK is mediated by CD4+ cells of the Th1 phenotype and that more importantly, Th2 T cells are strongly associated with less disease. In order to test these hypotheses we will: (1) Determine the role that the proinflammatory molecules IL-6, KC (IL-8), IP10 (CXCL10), and CCL4 play in recurrent HSK disease pathogenesis. (2) Determine the role that co-stimulatory interactions play in both recurrent HSK and in maintenance of viral latency. (3) We will also determine whether therapeutic intervention, either targeting or promoting these interactions, will ameliorate disease using a vaccination paradigm. The information derived from these studies will lead to a better understanding of the biology of recurrent HSK in mice and by extension human disease. Furthermore, these studies could possibly suggest more effective immunotherapies designed to ameliorate human HSK disease.

Public Health Relevance

Herpes virus infection of the cornea leads to a disease termed herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK) and is a leading cause of infectious blindness and is the result of herpes-induced inflammation of the cornea. The studies in this application will address the role that proteins which activate and control inflammatory immune responses play during HSK with an eye towards developing possible therapies for this disease. We will also test a vaccine construct that we believe will lead to significantly less corneal disease during infections with herpes virus.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Eye Institute (NEI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01EY021247-03
Application #
8389553
Study Section
Anterior Eye Disease Study Section (AED)
Program Officer
Mckie, George Ann
Project Start
2011-01-01
Project End
2014-12-31
Budget Start
2013-01-01
Budget End
2013-12-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$356,250
Indirect Cost
$118,750
Name
Saint Louis University
Department
Ophthalmology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
050220722
City
Saint Louis
State
MO
Country
United States
Zip Code
63103
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Tajfirouz, Deena; West, Devin M; Yin, Xiao-Tang et al. (2017) CXCL9 compensates for the absence of CXCL10 during recurrent Herpetic stromal keratitis. Virology 506:7-13
Jiang, Yike; Yin, Xiaotang; Stuart, Patrick M et al. (2015) Dendritic Cell Autophagy Contributes to Herpes Simplex Virus-Driven Stromal Keratitis and Immunopathology. MBio 6:e01426-15
West, Devin M; Del Rosso, Chelsea R; Yin, Xiao-Tang et al. (2014) CXCL1 but not IL-6 is required for recurrent herpetic stromal keratitis. J Immunol 192:1762-7
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Morris, Jessica; Stuart, Patrick M; Rogge, Megan et al. (2012) Recurrent herpetic stromal keratitis in mice, a model for studying human HSK. J Vis Exp :e4276
Morris, Jessica E; Zobell, Stephanie; Yin, Xiao-Tang et al. (2012) Mice with mutations in Fas and Fas ligand demonstrate increased herpetic stromal keratitis following corneal infection with HSV-1. J Immunol 188:793-9