This K01 award facilitates the attainment of the Candidate's long-term goal of contributing to the science base that will inform future regulatory policy on nicotine content in cigarettes, particularly as this policy affects adolescents. The activities outlined in this application afford the Candidate excellent training in youth smoking, human behavioral pharmacology and advanced statistical methods; and the Candidate proposes applying this knowledge to an innovative research plan focused on evaluating very low nicotine content cigarettes in adolescent smokers. Reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes to a non-addictive level - a strategy made possible by the 2009 passage of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (FSPTCA) - could dramatically reduce smoking rates in the US (Benowitz & Henningfield, 1994). The legislation has the potential to impact the pattern of cigarette smoking over the lifetime, making cigarettes less reinforcing for young people, and thus decreasing the number of teen chippers who go on to be lifelong smokers (Sofuoglu & LeSage, 2012). However, little is known about the effects of very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes in adolescents. The optimal dose of nicotine for reducing cigarette demand, effects on smoking topography, acceptability of these cigarettes and adolescents' perceptions of the relative risks of these cigarettes are all open questions. While an FDA-mandated reduction in the nicotine content of cigarettes has the potential to dramatically reduce smoking rates in the population, reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes could have unintended negative consequences in adolescents if these smokers engage in compensatory smoking or perceive VLNC cigarettes as being low in harm. Therefore, evaluating the positive and negative consequences of VLNC cigarette use among adolescent smokers is critical for evaluating the viability of this policy. We propose to examine the effects of VLNC cigarettes using two studies, one completed in the laboratory and one in the natural environment. In Study 1, we will compare the effects of cigarettes varying in nicotine content (normal nicotine content, 0.83], reduced nicotine content [0.28, 0.10] and VLNC [0.06] mg yield) on abstinence-induced craving and withdrawal, affect, perceptions of risk, product acceptability and demand for usual-brand cigarettes in adolescent smokers across four laboratory sessions (n=78). In Study 2 we will randomize adolescent daily smokers (n = 90) to either receive VLNC cigarettes or normal-nicotine content (NNC; 0.83 mg) study cigarettes for three weeks. Participants will be instructed to smoke only those cigarettes. We will conduct daily assessments of total cigarette use (both study cigarette and non-compliant use of usual brand cigarettes; these daily data will be monitored closely for evidence of compensatory smoking), craving, and withdrawal, weekly assessments of breath CO levels, cigarette acceptability, risk perceptions of VLNC and NNC cigarettes and demand for usual-brand cigarettes, and pre- vs. post-use measures of nicotine and toxicant exposure (cotinine and NNAL). Overall, the project will help determine how VLNC cigarettes may affect real-world smoking behavior in adolescents, and illuminate the potential mechanisms through which these products may effect such changes. Such knowledge will contribute to the science base that may inform future policy decisions, and the future grant applications that will be generated from this line of research will ensure that the Candidate experiences a successful transition to becoming an independent researcher. Overall, the research and training activities outlined in this K01 award contribute both to an important area of scientific inquiry, and to the development of a productive and independent research career for the Candidate.

Public Health Relevance

Reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes to a non-addictive level could dramatically reduce smoking rates in the US, and could prevent many young people from beginning to smoke (Benowitz and Henningfield, 1994). However, little is known about how such reduced-risk products may affect adolescent smoking. Understanding how very low nicotine content cigarettes may affect smoking behavior in adolescents, both in the laboratory and in the natural environment, will illuminate the potential positive and negative consequences of these products. Such knowledge will contribute to the science base that may inform future policy decisions.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Scientist Development Award - Research & Training (K01)
Project #
5K01CA189300-02
Application #
8923221
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-BST-N (50))
Program Officer
Korczak, Jeannette F
Project Start
2014-09-08
Project End
2019-08-31
Budget Start
2015-09-01
Budget End
2016-08-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
$192,132
Indirect Cost
$14,232
Name
Brown University
Department
Public Health & Prev Medicine
Type
Schools of Public Health
DUNS #
001785542
City
Providence
State
RI
Country
United States
Zip Code
02912
Cassidy, Rachel N; Colby, Suzanne M; Tidey, Jennifer W et al. (2018) Adolescent smokers' response to reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes: Acute effects on withdrawal symptoms and subjective evaluations. Drug Alcohol Depend 188:153-160
Cassidy, Rachel N; Meisel, Matthew K; DiGuiseppi, Graham et al. (2018) Initiation of vaporizing cannabis: Individual and social network predictors in a longitudinal study of young adults. Drug Alcohol Depend 188:334-340
Cassidy, Rachel N; Tidey, Jennifer W; Cao, Qing et al. (2018) Age Moderates Smokers' Subjective Response to Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial. Nicotine Tob Res :
Cassidy, Rachel N; Jackson, Kristina M; Rohsenow, Damaris J et al. (2018) Contingency management for college student smokers: The role of drinking as a moderator and mediator of smoking abstinence during treatment. Addict Behav 80:95-101
Cassidy, Rachel N; Kurti, Allison N (2018) Behavioral Economic Research in Addiction as an Area of Growth for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. Behav Anal (Wash D C) 18:333-339
Smith, Tracy T; Cassidy, Rachel N; Tidey, Jennifer W et al. (2017) Impact of smoking reduced nicotine content cigarettes on sensitivity to cigarette price: further results from a multi-site clinical trial. Addiction 112:349-359
Cassidy, Rachel N; Tidey, Jennifer W; Colby, Suzanne M et al. (2017) Initial Development of an E-cigarette Purchase Task: A Mixed Methods Study. Tob Regul Sci 3:139-150
Tidey, Jennifer W; Pacek, Lauren R; Koopmeiners, Joseph S et al. (2017) Effects of 6-Week Use of Reduced-Nicotine Content Cigarettes in Smokers With and Without Elevated Depressive Symptoms. Nicotine Tob Res 19:59-67
Tidey, Jennifer W; Cassidy, Rachel N; Miller, Mollie E et al. (2016) Behavioral Economic Laboratory Research in Tobacco Regulatory Science. Tob Regul Sci 2:440-451
Martin, Rosemarie A; Cassidy, Rachel N; Murphy, Cara M et al. (2016) Barriers to Quitting Smoking Among Substance Dependent Patients Predict Smoking Cessation Treatment Outcome. J Subst Abuse Treat 64:7-12

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