Obesity is the most important preventable cause of disease in the United States, and its major complications include insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease (CAD), and heart failure. The reasons for these complications are not totally understood and assessment of patients before and after weight loss provides the opportunity to dissect the factors that are improved with reduced body fat. Elevated white blood cell (WBC) levels are a well-established CAD risk factor, while adipose tissue inflammation is considered an emerging risk factor for the development of obesity complications. However, the beneficial effects of weight loss on these inflammatory markers are not universal. Our recently published manuscript demonstrates how rapid diet-induced weight loss improves insulin sensitivity while increasing adipose tissue inflammation in human subjects. The proposed study will explore this dissociation and bariatric weight loss to seek mechanistic insight. We will characterize human adipose tissue macrophage metabolism in the context of weight loss using an in-vitro adipose tissue inflammation model (Aim 1). We will further assess changes in circulating WBC numbers and phenotype with bariatric weight loss in metabolically healthy versus unhealthy obese subjects undergoing sleeve gastrectomy (Aim 2), and concomitantly measure changes in adipose tissue inflammation (Aim 3) within six weeks of this intervention. The central hypothesis of this research is that lipid signals from the adipocyte modulate adipose tissue macrophage metabolism to prevent adipose tissue inflammation in weight loss. Consequently, the nature of this metabolic queue will prevent or ameliorate the WAT inflammatory state. Antiinflammatory macrophages are thought to maintain the integrity of healthy adipose tissue, while proinflammatory macrophages are thought to be the hallmark cell in adipose tissue inflammation. The rationale that underlies this research is that better understanding of the metabolic and immune cues that lead to white adipose tissue inflammation will allow for the development of detection and therapeutic strategies for this cardiometabolic risk factor. To achieve these aims, I will be supported by my primary mentor Dr. Ira Goldberg (NYULMC), a scientific leader in the study of lipid metabolism and circulating inflammatory markers in metabolic disease, and my co-mentor with expertise in the execution of detailed translational studies in the metabolic ward setting, Dr. Jan Breslow (Rockefeller University). Each mentor will help me complete the individual aims of this project and develop the skills to pursue my independent scientific program studying the immunometabolism of human adipose tissue during weight loss.

Public Health Relevance

Obesity is the most important preventable cause of disease in the United States, and its major complications include type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and heart failure. Not all obese subjects develop complications of their disease, and the proposed project will study whether inflammation in blood or fat can predict who develops these complications or will benefit from weight loss surgery. This research could lead better understanding of immune cells in human fat and the development of therapeutic modalities that prevent obesity complications in addition to losing weight.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Clinical Investigator Award (CIA) (K08)
Project #
5K08DK117064-02
Application #
10007805
Study Section
Kidney, Urologic and Hematologic Diseases D Subcommittee (DDK)
Program Officer
Abraham, Kristin M
Project Start
2019-09-04
Project End
2023-06-30
Budget Start
2020-07-01
Budget End
2021-06-30
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2020
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
New York University
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
121911077
City
New York
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10016