The long-term goal of this project is to understand the molecular events by which oxidant stress alters endothelial regulation of vascular reactivity. Vascular endothelial cell (VEC) cytosolic Ca2+ is a key second messenger which contributes to the secretion of vasoactive paracrine substances. This proposal focuses on the effect of oxidant stress on Ca2+ signaling in VECs. The model oxidant is ter-butyl-hydroperoxide (t-bu-OOH). Bradykinin will be employed as the model agonist. t-bu-OOH inhibits Ca2+ signaling in fura-2-loaded VECs (Elliott and Schilling, 1990). t-bu-OOH initially inhibits bradykinin-stimulated Ca2+ influx, with no effect on basal cytosolic Ca2+. After longer incubations with the oxidant, agonist-stimulated release of Ca2+ from internal stores is decreased. t-bu-OOH produces progressive loss of membrane potential, measured by giga- seal, and net loss of cellular K+ and net gain of cellular Na+, determined using radioisotopes. This proposal explores the molecular mechanisms responsible for the above findings.
Specific Aim I will characterize the mechanism by which oxidant stress inhibits agonist-stimulated changes in cytosolic Ca2+. The effects of oxidant stress on 1) inositol polyphosphate (IP) production, and 2) Ca2+ release from internal stores by IP3 and/or GTP will be investigated using radiolabeling techniques in intact and saponin-permeabilized VECs. The effect of oxidant stress on the kinetics of ATP-dependent Ca2+ pumps will also be characterized.
Specific Aim II will characterize the effect of oxidant stress on ion concentration gradients and ion conductance across the cell membrane. The hypotheses that oxidant stress: 1) stimulates Na+ influx via a non- selective cation channel; 2) stimulates K+ efflux via Ca2+-dependent K+ channels; and 3) inhibits Na+/K+-ATPase, will be investigated using radioisotopic tracers and direct, giga-seal measurements. The link between oxidant inhibition of agonist-stimulated Ca2+ influx and oxidant-induced membrane depolarization will be investigated in VECs dually loaded with the Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent indicator, fura-2, and the potential-sensitive dye, di-4-ANEPPS. Thus, these experiments will characterize how oxidant stress alters endothelial cell Ca2+ signaling. This work will form the basis for the long-term objective which is to understand how oxidant stress alters the regulation of vasoreactivity by VECs.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Clinical Investigator Award (CIA) (K08)
Project #
5K08HL002595-04
Application #
2210237
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (SRC (JQ))
Project Start
1991-05-01
Project End
1996-04-30
Budget Start
1994-05-01
Budget End
1995-04-30
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
1994
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Baylor College of Medicine
Department
Pediatrics
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
074615394
City
Houston
State
TX
Country
United States
Zip Code
77030
Koliwad, S K; Kunze, D L; Elliott, S J (1996) Oxidant stress activates a non-selective cation channel responsible for membrane depolarization in calf vascular endothelial cells. J Physiol 491 ( Pt 1):1-12
Koliwad, S K; Elliott, S J; Kunze, D L (1996) Oxidized glutathione mediates cation channel activation in calf vascular endothelial cells during oxidant stress. J Physiol 495 ( Pt 1):37-49
Elliott, S J (1996) Peroxynitrite modulates receptor-activated Ca2+ signaling in vascular endothelial cells. Am J Physiol 270:L954-61
Wesson, D E; Elliott, S J (1995) The H2O2-generating enzyme, xanthine oxidase, decreases luminal Ca2+ content of the IP3-sensitive Ca2+ store in vascular endothelial cells. Microcirculation 2:195-203
Elliott, S J; Doan, T N; Henschke, P N (1995) Reductant substrate for glutathione peroxidase modulates oxidant inhibition of Ca2+ signaling in endothelial cells. Am J Physiol 268:H278-87
Henschke, P N; Elliott, S J (1995) Oxidized glutathione decreases luminal Ca2+ content of the endothelial cell ins(1,4,5)P3-sensitive Ca2+ store. Biochem J 312 ( Pt 2):485-9
Elliott, S J; Koliwad, S K (1995) Oxidant stress and endothelial membrane transport. Free Radic Biol Med 19:649-58
Doan, T N; Gentry, D L; Taylor, A A et al. (1994) Hydrogen peroxide activates agonist-sensitive Ca(2+)-flux pathways in canine venous endothelial cells. Biochem J 297 ( Pt 1):209-15
Elliott, S J; Doan, T N; Schilling, W P (1993) Role of lipid peroxidation in tert-butylhydroperoxide-induced inhibition of endothelial cell calcium signaling. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 264:1063-70
Elliott, S J; Doan, T N (1993) Oxidant stress inhibits the store-dependent Ca(2+)-influx pathway of vascular endothelial cells. Biochem J 292 ( Pt 2):385-93

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