This proposal outlines a five-year career development program designed to prepare Dr. Koff for a career as an academic physician-scientist in pulmonary medicine. Dr. Koff is interested to study airway epithelial innate immune responses to respiratory viruses. This interest arose from knowledge that Rhinovirus (RV) infections are responsible for exacerbations of chronic airway diseases. To date, no effective therapy for these exacerbations exists, so investigating novel viral mechanisms will be important for effective antiviral therapy. Dr. Koff has been examining airway epithelial innate immune responses to pathogens such as RV, and he has focused on a pro-inflammatory cascade that activates an epithelial surface receptor [epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)] to recruit neutrophils via the production of IL-8/CXCL8, and an anti-viral cascade that produces IP-10/CXCL10 to recruit natural killer (NK) cells, specialized lymphocytes that target and kill virus-infected cells. Dr. Koff proposes to test the hypotheses that: (1) RV initiates both EGFR and IP-10 pathways in airway epithelium, which have a common origin but divergent downstream signals;(2) these pathways are reciprocal, and the balance between the two determines certain cell outcomes;and (3) NK cells, recruited by IP-10, target and kill RV-infected airway epithelium. Well established techniques that include ELISA, flow cytometry, RT-PCR, immunoblot, and siRNA will be used. Dr. Koff's mentor, Dr. Jay Nadel, and co-mentor, Dr. Lewis Lanier, are productive and well-funded scientists with expertise in airway epithelial cell biology and NK cell immunology with outstanding track records for training successful academic physicians. Dr. Koff has assembled an expert scientific advisory committee who will oversee his research and help implement an educational plan that will enrich his development. The Cardiovascular Research Institute and the University of California, San Francisco are committed to developing the academic career of Dr. Koff, and at the end of the grant period, Dr. Koff will be well equipped to embark on a career as an independent investigator focused on combining pulmonary cellular biology and immunology to understand the mechanisms of airway epithelial innate immune responses to viral infection.

Public Health Relevance

In addition to causing the common cold, Rhinovirus is responsible for causing exacerbations of chronic airway diseases (e.g. asthma). However, to date there are no effective therapies to treat these exacerbations. This proposal will investigate the signaling pathways of airway epithelial responses to Rhinovirus infection, and the discovery of novel mechanisms may provide targets for future therapies.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Clinical Investigator Award (CIA) (K08)
Project #
5K08HL093288-06
Application #
8445230
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZHL1-CSR-O (F1))
Program Officer
Tigno, Xenia
Project Start
2009-04-01
Project End
2014-03-31
Budget Start
2013-04-01
Budget End
2014-03-31
Support Year
6
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$132,786
Indirect Cost
$9,836
Name
Yale University
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
043207562
City
New Haven
State
CT
Country
United States
Zip Code
06520
Kalinowski, A; Galen, B T; Ueki, I F et al. (2018) Respiratory syncytial virus activates epidermal growth factor receptor to suppress interferon regulatory factor 1-dependent interferon-lambda and antiviral defense in airway epithelium. Mucosal Immunol 11:958-967
Kalinowski, April; Ueki, Iris; Min-Oo, Gundula et al. (2014) EGFR activation suppresses respiratory virus-induced IRF1-dependent CXCL10 production. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 307:L186-96
Ueki, Iris F; Min-Oo, Gundula; Kalinowski, April et al. (2013) Respiratory virus-induced EGFR activation suppresses IRF1-dependent interferon ? and antiviral defense in airway epithelium. J Exp Med 210:1929-36