Patients commonly present to the Emergency Department with suspected kidney stone - broadly defined as acute, coliky flank pain radiating to the groin. Patients diagnosed with kidney stones represent 1% of ED visits, accounting for more than one million visits per year. One concerning trend in the evaluation of patients with kidney stones is the increasing utilization of CT scan despite a lack of studies comparing its effectiveness to older, more traditional methods of diagnosis with respect to patient outcomes. In fact, despite a 10-fold increase in CT scan utilization over the years of 1997-2006, there was no change in the rates of diagnosis of kidney stone, serious alternate diagnoses, or hospital admission for kidney stone. On the other hand, there is evidence that CT scans are associated with radiation exposure and increased cost. I propose to derive and validate a decision instrument to identify patients with suspected kidney stone. This decision instrument has the potential to allow emergency physicians to identify patients with suspected kidney stones at very low risk for a serious outcome (alternate diagnoses or complications requiring admission and or surgical intervention), in whom advanced imaging with CT can be deferred. A second concern is the uncertainty regarding the efficacy of medical expulsive therapy for patients with kidney stones. Despite evidence that medical expulsive therapy increases the rate of stone passage in patients diagnosed with kidney stones, a survey of national data from 2006 shows that only 4% of emergency patients receive this therapy. The objectives of this application are two-fold: 1) to improve the diagnostic strategy in patients with suspected kidney stone and 2) to improve the treatment for patients with kidney stones.
Aim 1 now focuses on the development of a decision instrument for patients with suspected kidney stone using the rich clinical data already collected as part of the STONE trial.
Aim 2 seeks to examine the utilization and outcomes associated with medical expulsive therapy in the STONE trial. We propose to perform an observational study comparing the outcomes including morbidity, health care utilization, and cost in the cohort of patients receiving medical expulsive therapy to the cohort of patients not receiving it. Furthermore, we propose to describe the variation and trends in the utilization of medical expulsive therapy. I anticipate positive impacts in the management of patients with suspected kidney stones after completing these aims.
If Aim 1 produces a useful decision instrument, future research could be conducted to broadly validate and determine the impact of these rules and ultimately decrease CT utilization.
If Aim 2 confirms the efficacy of MET, I would design implementation studies to translate this finding into clinical care. The experience and training I will derive from completing these aims can then be applied to other emergency department complaints to improve decision making, decrease testing and accelerate the adoption of proven therapies.

Public Health Relevance

The proposed aims seek to improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients with suspected kidney stones who present to the emergency department. I propose to derive and validate a decision instrument to identify patients with suspected kidney stone. This decision instrument has the potential to allow emergency physicians to identify patients with suspected kidney stones at very low risk for a serious outcome (alternate diagnoses or complications requiring admission and or surgical intervention), in whom advanced imaging with CT can be deferred. The treatment related aim seeks to examine the current utilization of medical expulsive therapy in patients diagnosed with kidney stone across fifteen United States emergency departments. Also, I seek to identify the impact of MET on patient outcomes in the STONE trial.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
Type
Clinical Investigator Award (CIA) (K08)
Project #
5K08HS021281-02
Application #
8740522
Study Section
Health Care Technology and Decision Science (HTDS)
Program Officer
Anderson, Kay
Project Start
2013-09-30
Project End
2018-09-29
Budget Start
2014-09-30
Budget End
2015-09-29
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of California San Francisco
Department
Emergency Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
City
San Francisco
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
94143
Wang, Ralph C; Addo, Newton; Chi, Thomas et al. (2017) Medical expulsive therapy use in emergency department patients diagnosed with ureteral stones. Am J Emerg Med 35:1069-1074
Metzler, Ian S; Smith-Bindman, Rebecca; Moghadassi, Michelle et al. (2017) Emergency Department Imaging Modality Effect on Surgical Management of Nephrolithiasis: A Multicenter, Randomized Clinical Trial. J Urol 197:710-714
Wang, Ralph C; Rodriguez, Robert M; Fahimi, Jahan et al. (2017) Derivation of decision rules to predict clinically important outcomes in acute flank pain patients. Am J Emerg Med 35:554-563
Wang, Ralph C; Smith-Bindman, Rebecca; Whitaker, Evans et al. (2017) Effect of Tamsulosin on Stone Passage for Ureteral Stones: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ann Emerg Med 69:353-361.e3
Wang, Ralph C; Bent, Stephen; Weber, Ellen et al. (2016) The Impact of Clinical Decision Rules on Computed Tomography Use and Yield for Pulmonary Embolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ann Emerg Med 67:693-701.e3
Wang, Ralph C; Rodriguez, Robert M; Shiboski, Stephen et al. (2016) In reply. Ann Emerg Med 67:302-3
Wang, Ralph C (2016) Managing Urolithiasis. Ann Emerg Med 67:449-54
Wang, Ralph C; Rodriguez, Robert M; Moghadassi, Michelle et al. (2016) External Validation of the STONE Score, a Clinical Prediction Rule for Ureteral Stone: An Observational Multi-institutional Study. Ann Emerg Med 67:423-432.e2