Unintentional injury is the leading cause of death and disability in US children, and the home is the single most common location of injury. Clinic-based anticipatory guidance has been shown to improve knowledge and practices, but it has had no effect on injury rates. Home-based, behavior modification has been more effective, resulting in a 26 percent reduction in injuries. Although experts believe passive interventions are most effective at reducing injuries, there are no controlled trials of installing multiple safety devices to reduce unintentional residential injury. Furthermore, the determinants and effects of parental supervision in preventing or reducing residential injury are poorly understood. The first specific aim of this project involves the design, conduct, and analysis of a prospective 36-month randomized controlled trial to reduce residential unintentional injury. The intention-to-treat analyses of the longitudinal data will involve repeated measures, following children from birth to 36 months of age, the group at highest risk for residential injuries. In secondary analyses, we will examine the effect of the intervention by levels of parental supervision to test whether the effect was greater for households with lower parental supervision. The second specific aim will examine causal determinants of parental supervision and its ultimate effects on unintentional residential injury. Using a theoretical model of supervision, data developed in the first specific aim together with validated measures of caregiver traits such as maternal depression (Beck Depression Inventory), parental health locus of control, and child injury-risk behavior (Injury Behavior Checklist), will be used to examine determinants of supervision. Unintentional residential injury will be modeled by integrating the quantity of residential hazards, caregiver beliefs about residential safety, caregiver locus of control and depression, the quantity and quality of supervision, and child injury-risk behavior. A structural equation model incorporating parental supervision, the burden of residential hazards and children's injury-risk behaviors to explain residential injury will be developed. Maternal depression and other caregiver characteristics will in turn, explain parental supervision. These studies provide me with experience and expertise to understand injury prevention and residential supervision through a multidisciplinary approach. This proposal will leverage the support and resources of the Cincinnati Center for Children's Environmental Health to further the science of injury control. In addition to assessment of passive safety measures to control residential injury, the results will enable me to assess the effect of parental supervision on unintentional residential injuries. The experience and data developed in this award will provide the skills necessary to become an independent clinical investigator in the areas of childhood injury control and supervision.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award (K23)
Project #
1K23HD045770-01A2
Application #
6925749
Study Section
Pediatrics Subcommittee (CHHD)
Program Officer
Haverkos, Lynne
Project Start
2005-04-01
Project End
2010-03-31
Budget Start
2005-04-01
Budget End
2006-03-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2005
Total Cost
$125,820
Indirect Cost
Name
Children's Hospital Med Ctr (Cincinnati)
Department
Type
DUNS #
071284913
City
Cincinnati
State
OH
Country
United States
Zip Code
45229
Phelan, Kieran J; Morrongiello, Barbara A; Khoury, Jane C et al. (2014) Maternal supervision of children during their first 3 years of life: the influence of maternal depression and child gender. J Pediatr Psychol 39:349-57
Phelan, Kieran J; Khoury, Jane; Xu, Yingying et al. (2011) A randomized controlled trial of home injury hazard reduction: the HOME injury study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 165:339-45
DiGuiseppi, Carolyn; Jacobs, David E; Phelan, Kieran J et al. (2010) Housing interventions and control of injury-related structural deficiencies: a review of the evidence. J Public Health Manag Pract 16:S34-43
Phelan, K J; Khoury, J; Xu, Y et al. (2009) Validation of a HOME Injury Survey. Inj Prev 15:300-6
Pittsenbarger, Zachary E; Grupp-Phelan, Jacqueline; Phelan, Kieran J (2008) Comparing the frequency of unrecognized attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in injured versus noninjured patients presenting for care in the pediatric emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care 24:438-41
Phelan, K; Khoury, J; Atherton, H et al. (2007) Maternal depression, child behavior, and injury. Inj Prev 13:403-8