This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing theresources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject andinvestigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source,and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed isfor the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator.Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), in which contrast is based on changes in water-apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), is a powerful imaging modality for early detection of ischemic brain injury. During the acute phase of stroke, the anatomical region defined on the DWI is initially smaller than the area of cerebral-blood-flow (CBF) deficit, but this region expands and eventually coincides with the area defined on perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI). The difference in the anatomic area defined by part PWI and DWI, often referred to as 'perfusion-diffusion' mismatch, may represent salvageable tissues (i.e., the ischemic penumbra). Animal stroke imaging, however, has been done exclusively under anesthetized conditions to eliminate movement artifacts. Anesthesia has a powerful influence on neuronal activity, cerebral circulation, neural-vascular coupling, and stroke outcome. An awake stroke model for imaging studies without the confound of anesthesia has the potential to better model the clinical conditions where most patients have a stroke while conscious, under considerable stress. This project uses quantitative perfusion, diffusion and functional imaging to characterize tissue fate in focal ischemic brain injury in an awake stroke model, and to relate the derived tissue fate to functional status and an index of neuronal cell death. Ischemia induction, reperfusion and imaging will be carried out on awake rats acclimated to a restrainer to minimize stress. Parallel studies under anesthesia will be carried out for comparison.
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