During the ten years since this project began (in part supported by a MERIT Award from NIAAA), a construct validation network has been built that supports alcohol expectancies as an active influence on alcohol use. The bulk of this support comes from studies of childhood through late adolescence when positive expectancies and drinking increase on average. Recent national surveys suggest, however, that drinking trajectories diverge during young adulthood. Among higher-drinking individuals, some maintain elevated patterns; others decrease. Because few studies have tracked expectancies and drinking through this developmental stage, it remains unclear whether decreases in positive expectancies happen first and influence drinking decreases; whether negative drinking experiences and expectancies accrue and decrease drinking; or whether drinking decreases occur for other reasons, followed by expectancy decreases (or all three); these paths also could be reciprocal. Testing these alternatives is of theoretical and practical importance; if decreases in positive expectancies influence decreases in drinking, then understanding of how positive expectancies decrease (or negative expectancies increase) might lead to more efficient prevention and intervention methods. Based on ten years of research, it is hypothesized that this latter direction of influence is the most operative. In the next phase of this project, the relationship between expectancy change and drinking change during the developmental stage when individuals enter adulthood will be investigated. Specifically, drinking and expectancy trajectories will be monitored over the four-year period beginning at age 19 during which many drinkers reach personal drinking peaks and the majority begin a decline. To insure capture of file phenomena of interest, moderate to heavy drinking individuals will be sampled at the start of the study. Participants will be interviewed every 3 months using a 3-month follow-back procedure to permit fine-grained resolution of determinants of drinking changes (i.e., some variables will reflect daily events); detailed drinking assessment in this age range will itself advance knowledge. Advanced statistical techniques will address possible relationships between expectancies and drinking, including the influence of trajectory parameters of one variable (e.g., expectancies) on the parameters of a second variable (e.g., drinking), and whether antecedents can influence trajectory parameters of drinking (e.g., slope, intercept) through changes in expectancies; that is, """"""""dynamic mediation."""""""" As a byproduct of these primary goals, the most detailed database yet available on the parameters of alcohol consumption in this critical young-adult life-stage will be obtained.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01AA008333-11A1
Application #
6572079
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-SNEM-1 (01))
Program Officer
Lowman, Cherry
Project Start
1991-04-01
Project End
2008-02-28
Budget Start
2003-03-01
Budget End
2004-02-29
Support Year
11
Fiscal Year
2003
Total Cost
$650,928
Indirect Cost
Name
University of South Florida
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
069687242
City
Tampa
State
FL
Country
United States
Zip Code
33612
Reich, Richard R; Goldman, Mark S (2015) Decision making about alcohol use: the case for scientific convergence. Addict Behav 44:23-8
Reich, Richard R; Cummings, Jenna R; Greenbaum, Paul E et al. (2015) The temporal ""pulse"" of drinking: Tracking 5 years of binge drinking in emerging adults. J Abnorm Psychol 124:635-47
Morris, Bethany H; McGrath, Ashlee C; Goldman, Mark S et al. (2014) Parental depression confers greater prospective depression risk to females than males in emerging adulthood. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 45:78-89
Reich, Richard R; Ariel, Idan; Darkes, Jack et al. (2012) What do you mean ""drunk""? Convergent validation of multiple methods of mapping alcohol expectancy memory networks. Psychol Addict Behav 26:406-13
Bekman, Nicole M; Goldman, Mark S; Worley, Matthew J et al. (2011) Pre-adolescent alcohol expectancies: critical shifts and associated maturational processes. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 19:420-32
Goldman, Mark S; Greenbaum, Paul E; Darkes, Jack et al. (2011) How many versus how much: 52 weeks of alcohol consumption in emerging adults. Psychol Addict Behav 25:16-27
Reich, Richard R; Below, Maureen C; Goldman, Mark S (2010) Explicit and implicit measures of expectancy and related alcohol cognitions: a meta-analytic comparison. Psychol Addict Behav 24:13-25
Carter, Ashlee C; Brandon, Karen Obremski; Goldman, Mark S (2010) The college and noncollege experience: a review of the factors that influence drinking behavior in young adulthood. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 71:742-50
Fishman, Inna; Goldman, Mark S; Donchin, Emanuel (2008) The P300 as an electrophysiological probe of alcohol expectancy. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 16:341-56
Del Boca, Frances K; Darkes, Jack (2007) Enhancing the validity and utility of randomized clinical trials in addictions treatment research: III. Data processing and statistical analysis. Addiction 102:1356-64

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