The major focus of this proposal is older adults? vulnerability to interference effects. The proposed research combines basic research aimed at answering questions about age differences in vulnerability to interference with research aimed at improving the diagnosis and treatment of age-related memory deficits. A major issue for age-related memory deficits is the involvement of medial-temporal and frontal lobe functions-functions that show large decline with aging and play a major role in vulnerability to interference effects. This proposal describes 4 interrelated lines of research, each with its own specific aim.
Specific Aim 1 : Develop behavioral procedures to further document and explore older adults? greater vulnerability to interference effects, and show the utility of a dual-process model that distinguishes between recollection and automatic (implicit) use of memory to understand older adults? greater vulnerability.
Specific Aim 2 : Further explore older adults?, as compared to young adults?, dramatically high level of false """"""""remembering"""""""" and false """"""""seeing"""""""" in high-interference situations, and integrate those effects on subjective experience into the dual-process model used to describe effects on accuracy.
Specific Aim 3 : Relate individual differences among older adults in vulnerability to interference, as revealed by effects on accuracy and subjective experience, to medial-temporal and frontal functions using neuropsychological tests, and develop training procedures that will diminish vulnerability to interference. Development of training procedures builds on Specific Aims 1 and 2, and individual differences in effectiveness of training procedures are predicted to be diagnostic with regard to the locus of deficit.
Specific Aim 4 : More directly relate age differences in memory to neural structures by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) procedures.
The aim of experiments in that series is to show that changes in neural activation result from training that reduces age difference in vulnerability to interference.
| Kirchhoff, Brenda A; Anderson, Benjamin A; Smith, Staci E et al. (2012) Cognitive training-related changes in hippocampal activity associated with recollection in older adults. Neuroimage 62:1956-64 |
| Jacoby, Larry L; Rogers, Chad S; Bishara, Anthony J et al. (2012) Mistaking the recent past for the present: false seeing by older adults. Psychol Aging 27:22-32 |
| Toth, Jeffrey P; Daniels, Karen A; Solinger, Lisa A (2011) What you know can hurt you: effects of age and prior knowledge on the accuracy of judgments of learning. Psychol Aging 26:919-31 |
| Anderson, Benjamin A; Jacoby, Larry L; Thomas, Ruthann C et al. (2011) The effects of age and divided attention on spontaneous recognition. Mem Cognit 39:725-35 |
| Jacoby, Larry L; Wahlheim, Christopher N; Rhodes, Matthew G et al. (2010) Learning to diminish the effects of proactive interference: reducing false memory for young and older adults. Mem Cognit 38:820-9 |
| Bishara, Anthony J; Jacoby, Larry L (2008) Aging, spaced retrieval, and inflexible memory performance. Psychon Bull Rev 15:52-7 |
| Bugg, Julie M; Jacoby, Larry L; Toth, Jeffrey P (2008) Multiple levels of control in the Stroop task. Mem Cognit 36:1484-94 |
| Jacoby, Larry L; Bishara, Anthony J; Hessels, Sandra et al. (2007) Probabilistic retroactive interference: the role of accessibility bias in interference effects. J Exp Psychol Gen 136:200-16 |
| Zacks, Jeffrey M; Speer, Nicole K; Vettel, Jean M et al. (2006) Event understanding and memory in healthy aging and dementia of the Alzheimer type. Psychol Aging 21:466-82 |
| Jacoby, Larry L; Bishara, Anthony J; Hessels, Sandra et al. (2005) Aging, subjective experience, and cognitive control: dramatic false remembering by older adults. J Exp Psychol Gen 134:131-48 |
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