Bacterial superantigens are a family of polypeptide exotoxins. Unlike conventional antigens, bacterial superantigens cause robust activation of a large proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells based on their T cell receptor variable gene beta usage and not on their antigen specificities. Bacterial superantigens are implicated in a spectrum of diseases such as food poisoning, toxic shock syndromes, Kawasaki disease, asthma, atopic dermatitis and vasculitic and autoimmune disorders. Bacterial superantigens, especially staphylococcal enterotoxin B, may also be used as biological weapons. Superantigens are produced primarily by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. The former can be present even in healthy individuals (particularly the nasal passage) called carriers. In spite of their immense clinical importance, there is a significant knowledge gap in our understanding of the immunobiology of bacterial superantigens. This is largely attributed to the dearth of suitable animal models that can recapitulate human diseases because bacterial superantigens fail to interact efficiently with non-human MHC class II molecules. Transgenic expression of human MHC class II molecules (which are the high affinity ligands for bacterial superantigens) in mice dramatically augments their immune response to bacterial superantigens and renders HLA class II transgenic mice susceptible to superantigen-mediated pathology including toxic shock. Availability of these convenient mouse models enables us to better understand the pathobiology of bacterial superantigens. We have developed numerous lines of HLA class II transgenic mice and introduced a number of genetic manipulations of immunological significance in these mice. Using these robust humanized mouse models, we plan to: (1) Delineate the pathogenesis of bacterial superantigen-induced acute clinical syndrome;(2) Dissect the role of components of the immune system in the pathogenesis of bacterial superantigen-induced acute clinical syndrome;and (3) Evaluate the role of staphylococcal superantigens in the etiopathogenesis of certain inflammatory disorders of respiratory system. Superantigens are bacterial toxins, which are extremely harmful to human beings;miniscule quantities are sufficient to cause severe disease. As superantigens fail to induce disease in commonly used experimental mice, we have developed new strains of mice expressing human molecules. These mice suffer from superantigen-induced disease like humans and can be effectively used to understand disease process associated with bacterial superantigens and to develop novel drugs and vaccines.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AI068741-04
Application #
7792489
Study Section
Immunity and Host Defense Study Section (IHD)
Program Officer
Minnicozzi, Michael
Project Start
2007-04-01
Project End
2012-03-31
Budget Start
2010-04-01
Budget End
2011-03-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2010
Total Cost
$215,605
Indirect Cost
Name
Mayo Clinic, Rochester
Department
Type
DUNS #
006471700
City
Rochester
State
MN
Country
United States
Zip Code
55905
Karau, Melissa J; Tilahun, Mulualem E; Krogman, Ashton et al. (2017) Passive therapy with humanized anti-staphylococcal enterotoxin B antibodies attenuates systemic inflammatory response and protects from lethal pneumonia caused by staphylococcal enterotoxin B-producing Staphylococcus aureus. Virulence 8:1148-1159
Krogman, A; Tilahun, A; David, C S et al. (2017) HLA-DR polymorphisms influence in vivo responses to staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 in a transgenic mouse model. HLA 89:20-28
Chowdhary, Vaidehi R; Krogman, Ashton; Tilahun, Ashenafi Y et al. (2017) Concomitant Disruption of CD4 and CD8 Genes Facilitates the Development of Double Negative ?? TCR+ Peripheral T Cells That Respond Robustly to Staphylococcal Superantigen. J Immunol 198:4413-4424
Krogman, Ashton L; Chowdhary, Vaidehi; Rajagopalan, Govindarajan (2016) Mini-Osmotic Pump Infusion Model to Investigate the Systemic Effects of Chronic Continuous Exposure to Staphylococcal Superantigen in Mice. Methods Mol Biol 1396:109-114
Kim, Choon K; Karau, Melissa J; Greenwood-Quaintance, Kerryl E et al. (2015) Superantigen-Producing Staphylococcus aureus Elicits Systemic Immune Activation in a Murine Wound Colonization Model. Toxins (Basel) 7:5308-19
Chung, Jin-Won; Greenwood-Quaintance, Kerryl E; Karau, Melissa J et al. (2015) Superantigens produced by catheter-associated Staphylococcus aureus elicit systemic inflammatory disease in the absence of bacteremia. J Leukoc Biol 98:271-81
Kim, Choon K; Karau, Melissa J; Greenwood-Quaintance, Kerryl E et al. (2015) Superantigens in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from prosthetic joint infection. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 81:201-7
Tilahun, Ashenafi Y; Karau, Melissa; Ballard, Alessandro et al. (2014) The impact of Staphylococcus aureus-associated molecular patterns on staphylococcal superantigen-induced toxic shock syndrome and pneumonia. Mediators Inflamm 2014:468285
Chung, Jin-Won; Karau, Melissa J; Greenwood-Quaintance, Kerryl E et al. (2014) Superantigen profiling of Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis isolates. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 79:119-24
Tilahun, Ashenafi Y; Chowdhary, Vaidehi R; David, Chella S et al. (2014) Systemic inflammatory response elicited by superantigen destabilizes T regulatory cells, rendering them ineffective during toxic shock syndrome. J Immunol 193:2919-30

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