Coxsackievirus B (CVB), a member of the enterovirus family of RNA viruses, is associated with a number of diverse syndromes, including meningitis, pericarditis, febrile illness, diabetes, dilated cardiomyopathy and myocarditis. A key event in CVB pathogenesis is the induction of host cell death. Enteroviruses are lytic viruses and possess no known mechanism for progeny release other than the destruction of the host cell membrane. However, cell death induction must be balanced precisely as activating cell death prematurely, or by alternative pathways, could inhibit replication and/or induce inflammatory signaling. Whereas CVB commonly induces apoptosis in many non-polarized cell types, we have shown that CVB-infected polarized intestinal epithelial cells undergo necrosis, which is required for virus egress. However, the molecular basis for this difference has remained elusive. In this proposal, we will extend our previous studies to provide a mechanistic understanding of the pathways that mediate CVB- induced intestinal cell death and how these pathways might affect CVB pathogenesis and inflammatory signaling. We will (1) define the role of the pro-necrotic serine/threonine nonreceptor kinase receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3) in CVB-induced necrotic cell death of the intestinal epithelium, (2) define the mechanisms employed by CVB to attenuate RIP3- mediated signaling, and (3) define the role of necrotic cell death in CVB-induced destruction of the epithelial barrier and inflammatory signaling. These studies provide critical insights into the molecular events that promote necrotic signaling in response to CVB, and possible other RNA virus, infection within the intestinal epithelium. In addition, these studies will identify previously unknown host targets that could be targeted to enhance antiviral defenses and/or limit CVB- induced egress from and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.

Public Health Relevance

Coxsackievirus B (CVB) is a significant source of human disease and is commonly associated with myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and aseptic meningitis. There are currently no effective therapeutics available to combat CVB infections. We have uncovered a novel mechanism by which CVB alters host cell biology that may play a pivotal role in developing strategies for mitigating CVB-induced cell injury and inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract, the primary site of CVB host entry

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01AI081759-05A1
Application #
8628266
Study Section
Virology - A Study Section (VIRA)
Program Officer
Park, Eun-Chung
Project Start
2009-07-01
Project End
2019-02-28
Budget Start
2014-03-01
Budget End
2015-02-28
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$193,852
Indirect Cost
$46,286
Name
University of Pittsburgh
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
004514360
City
Pittsburgh
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
15213
Barrila, Jennifer; Crabbé, Aurélie; Yang, Jiseon et al. (2018) Modeling Host-Pathogen Interactions in the Context of the Microenvironment: Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Comes of Age. Infect Immun 86:
Platt, Derek J; Smith, Amber M; Arora, Nitin et al. (2018) Zika virus-related neurotropic flaviviruses infect human placental explants and cause fetal demise in mice. Sci Transl Med 10:
Wells, Alexandra I; Coyne, Carolyn B (2018) Type III Interferons in Antiviral Defenses at Barrier Surfaces. Trends Immunol 39:848-858
Lanik, Wyatt E; Mara, Madison A; Mihi, Belgacem et al. (2018) Stem Cell-Derived Models of Viral Infections in the Gastrointestinal Tract. Viruses 10:
Bramley, John C; Drummond, Coyne G; Lennemann, Nicholas J et al. (2017) A Three-Dimensional Cell Culture System To Model RNA Virus Infections at the Blood-Brain Barrier. mSphere 2:
Drummond, Coyne G; Bolock, Alexa M; Ma, Congrong et al. (2017) Enteroviruses infect human enteroids and induce antiviral signaling in a cell lineage-specific manner. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114:1672-1677
Arora, Nitin; Sadovsky, Yoel; Dermody, Terence S et al. (2017) Microbial Vertical Transmission during Human Pregnancy. Cell Host Microbe 21:561-567
Corry, Jacqueline; Arora, Nitin; Good, Charles A et al. (2017) Organotypic models of type III interferon-mediated protection from Zika virus infections at the maternal-fetal interface. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114:9433-9438
Drummond, Coyne G; Nickerson, Cheryl A; Coyne, Carolyn B (2016) A Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Model To Study Enterovirus Infection of Polarized Intestinal Epithelial Cells. mSphere 1:
Ouyang, Yingshi; Bayer, Avraham; Chu, Tianjiao et al. (2016) Isolation of human trophoblastic extracellular vesicles and characterization of their cargo and antiviral activity. Placenta 47:86-95

Showing the most recent 10 out of 37 publications