Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a gamma-herpesvirus that infects nearly 95% of adults worldwide. A potent adaptive immune response against the virus prevents disease in the majority of those infected. However, immune suppression, such as during HIV-1 infection, can promote latent EBV-driven B-cell lymphomas. It is our ultimate goal to define the mechanisms by which EBV establishes latency and how these processes go awry leading to disease. In this proposal, we aim to characterize a newly described early latent phase of EBV infection in primary tonsillar B cells and the mechanisms of EBV-mediated survival and immune evasion important for establishing and maintaining the latency reservoir. It is our central hypothesis that EBV promotes B-cell proliferation and survival through its EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA) proteins during the first two weeks of infection; while later during infection the EBNAs and latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) are required for survival in the immortalized state. We propose that the importance of this biphasic EBV latent gene expression program is to prevent early recognition of EBV-infected B cells by cytotoxic T cells promoting efficient seeding of the long-term latently infected cell reservoir. We have formulated our central hypothesis based on preliminary data characterizing the temporal viral and host gene expression programs and survival mechanisms following EBV infection of peripheral blood B cells where we found that early after tonsillar B-cell infection, the viral EBNA proteins are expressed at high levels in the absence of appreciable levels of the viral LMPs. Importantly, this latency type (IIb) has been observed in EBV-associated post-transplant and HIV lymphomas. Therefore, the rationale for this proposed research is that understanding the mechanism supporting latency IIb infection by EBV may identify critical therapeutic targets for EBV-associated lymphomas and may inform our understanding of the temporal dynamics of EBV infection and the adaptive immune response to this ubiquitous orally-transmitted pathogen. We plan to test our hypothesis and complete the objectives outlined in this proposal through the following three specific aims: 1) Determine the mechanism regulating the switch in viral gene expression from early, EBNAs only (latency IIb), through late, EBNAs + LMPs (latency III), phases of primary tonsillar B-cell infection, 2) Determine the mechanism of early, NF?B-independent and late, NF?B- dependent EBV-infected tonsillar B-cell survival, and 3) Define the consequences of low LMP1/NF?B activity on EBV-infected B-cell peripheral blood and tonsillar B-cell immune recognition, activation, and killing b T cells.

Public Health Relevance

Public Health Relevance Epstein-Barr virus causes cancer in immune-suppressed individuals. These studies will characterize a newly recognized latent phase of the viral life cycle in its natural reservoir of oral lymphoid tissue.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DE025994-05
Application #
9868199
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZDE1)
Program Officer
Chander, Preethi
Project Start
2016-03-04
Project End
2021-02-28
Budget Start
2020-03-01
Budget End
2021-02-28
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2020
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Duke University
Department
Genetics
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
044387793
City
Durham
State
NC
Country
United States
Zip Code
27705