This competitive renewal application seeks to continue the longitudinal evaluation of children participating in the Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Healthy Trajectories (INSIGHT) study, an ongoing, prospective, randomized, controlled trial testing a responsive parenting (RP) intervention designed for the primary prevention of obesity versus a home safety control. In the US, 23% of 2-5 year olds are already overweight and 9% are already obese. By ages 6-11 years, 34% of US children are overweight and 17% are obese, highlighting the need for early life preventive interventions with sustained effects. With virtually no effective prevention approaches to date, we began INSIGHT by recruiting a birth cohort of 279 infants and parents who received four home visits during the first year after birth followed by annual clinic visits through age 3 years. The INSIGHT curriculum includes RP messages through age 2 years about infant feeding, sleep, interactive play, emotion regulation, and normal growth patterns; these areas were selected based on evidence linking them to obesity risk and their potential to be modified. Thus far, results from INSIGHT have been very positive: RP infants had lower mean weight-for-length at 1 year than controls and were less likely to be overweight at age 1 year (p<.05 for both). At age 3 years our primary outcome, body mass index (BMI) z- score, was significantly lower in the RP group than control (-0.13 vs. +0.15; p=.04). A multilevel model fit for the entire intervention period with a cubic time trend confirmed a main effect for intervention group (p=.0003). These results make INSIGHT the most successful early intervention trial for the prevention of childhood obesity to date. RP group children also have demonstrated improved sleep duration and behaviors, dietary content, and emotion regulation. INSIGHT has retained over 83% of participants through age 3 years, but the long-term effects of the RP intervention have not yet been assessed. The high rates of obesity among school age children in the US and the complete lack of existing early life primary preventive interventions with sustained effects form the scientific premise for this competitive renewal application, which proposes to test the sustained efficacy and long-term effects of our RP intervention on child BMI. Following attainment of annual growth measurements from participants from ages 5 through 9 years, we will use multilevel modeling to examine BMI growth curves from early childhood to age 9, and hypothesize that RP effects will persist across time points. We further expect that RP group parents will utilize more responsive parenting practices, and RP group children will exhibit greater self-regulation of eating behaviors (inhibitory control and appetite regulation), better sleep, more physical activity, and less sedentary behavior at the study's primary assessment point which occurs when participants are 6 years old.

Public Health Relevance

Because childhood obesity is a persistent epidemic in the United States with virtually no effective prevention strategies, the INSIGHT Study is testing a Responsive Parenting intervention in an ongoing randomized, controlled trial. Results have demonstrated efficacy in reducing body mass index through age 3 years, but the long-term effects of this intervention on child weight and self-regulation as well as parenting practices are unknown. The proposed research will evaluate these outcomes at age 6 years, at the time of school entry in an observation-only extension of INSIGHT. Growth will be examined through age 9 years.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01DK088244-07A1
Application #
9529084
Study Section
Psychosocial Development, Risk and Prevention Study Section (PDRP)
Program Officer
Osganian, Voula
Project Start
2011-03-17
Project End
2023-03-31
Budget Start
2018-06-01
Budget End
2019-03-31
Support Year
7
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Pennsylvania State University
Department
Pediatrics
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
129348186
City
Hershey
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
17033
Craig, Sarah J C; Blankenberg, Daniel; Parodi, Alice Carla Luisa et al. (2018) Child Weight Gain Trajectories Linked To Oral Microbiota Composition. Sci Rep 8:14030
Savage, Jennifer S; Hohman, Emily E; Marini, Michele E et al. (2018) INSIGHT responsive parenting intervention and infant feeding practices: randomized clinical trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 15:64
Paul, Ian M; Savage, Jennifer S; Anzman-Frasca, Stephanie et al. (2018) Effect of a Responsive Parenting Educational Intervention on Childhood Weight Outcomes at 3 Years of Age: The INSIGHT Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 320:461-468
Anzman-Frasca, Stephanie; Paul, Ian M; Moding, Kameron J et al. (2018) Effects of the INSIGHT Obesity Preventive Intervention on Reported and Observed Infant Temperament. J Dev Behav Pediatr 39:736-743
Hohman, Emily E; Savage, Jennifer S; Birch, Leann L et al. (2018) Pacifier Use and Early Life Weight Outcomes in the Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Healthy Trajectories Study. Child Obes 14:58-66
Adams, Elizabeth L; Marini, Michele E; Stokes, Jennifer et al. (2018) INSIGHT responsive parenting intervention reduces infant's screen time and television exposure. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 15:24
Hohman, Emily E; Paul, Ian M; Birch, Leann L et al. (2017) INSIGHT responsive parenting intervention is associated with healthier patterns of dietary exposures in infants. Obesity (Silver Spring) 25:185-191
Paul, Ian M; Hohman, Emily E; Loken, Eric et al. (2017) Mother-Infant Room-Sharing and Sleep Outcomes in the INSIGHT Study. Pediatrics 140:
Paul, Ian M; Hohman, Emily E; Loken, Eric et al. (2017) Mother-Infant Room-Sharing and Sleep Outcomes in the INSIGHT Study. Pediatrics :
Stoeckel, Luke E; Birch, Leann L; Heatherton, Todd et al. (2017) Psychological and neural contributions to appetite self-regulation. Obesity (Silver Spring) 25 Suppl 1:S17-S25

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