Hydrogels of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) grafted with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) are used as carriers for oral (transmucosal) protein delivery. These gels exhibit reversible, pH-dependent swelling behavior due to the formation or dissociation of interpolymer complexes between the acidic pendant groups and the ether groups of the grafted chains. These delivery characteristics are due to large changes in the network mesh over a relatively narrow range of pH values due to the formation of the interpolymer complexes. The formation of the interpolymer complexes serves to protect the drugs from binding with the polymeric carrier. Our systems are advantageous over other designs because we have been able to obtain strong, dose-dependent hypoglycemic effects. We have observed bioavailabilities of 12.8 %, based on insulin release. Our new hypothesis is that insulin conjugates (PEG-insulin and transferrin-insulin) in association with the improved protein release carriers can increase bioavailability significantly. Additionally, the bioavailability may also be increased by elevating the transition pH of our network structures by the addition of more crosslinking agent in our system. When only insulin is released from the microparticles adhering to the mucus, the majority of the entrapped insulin is released within the microenvironment of the brush border. In the systems proposed here, part of the entrapped insutin-transferrin conjugates that are released into the lumen will be further protected from degradation. One important advantage of these systems is that the conjugates cross the intestinal barrier via transcellular pathways. These systems do not change the structure of the paracellular junctions and hence avoid the various adverse effects associated with use of penetration enhancers or enzyme inhibitors. In the present grant we will focus on the investigation of release of PEG-insulin and transferrin-insulin conjugates from the complexation hydrogels. Specifically, we will focus on the investigation of the release profile of transferrin molecule from the complexation hydrogel under dynamic pH conditions, the structural analysis of PEG-insulin and insulin-transferrin conjugates by dynamic light scattering, complete analysis of release of the drug conjugate from the pH responsive complexation hydrogels, investigation of the conjugate delivery and transport from the formulations developed above through HT29-MTX/CaCo-2 cocultures, and in vivo studies of delivery of the conjugated insulin by the complexation hydrogels ? ?
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