The proposed work is divided into four related categories, all converging on the problems of aqueous humor formation and treatment of glaucoma: Development of new drugs (topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors); study of ionic reactions underlying secretion of aqueous; exploration of the effect of A1C13 and other acids on aqueous secretion and pH of ciliary processes; effect of autonomic drugs and Na-K-ATPase inhibitors on electrolyte movement from plasma to aqueous. 1.) We are searching for a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor with properties such that 1 drop of solution will lower intraocular pressure in man for 6-12 hours. This demands a continuing effort in organic synthesis, analysis of physico-chemical properties of compounds, and aqueous humor dynamics in animals and man. Feasibility of this goal seems reasonable; it has already been achieved in the rabbit. Almost certainly, such a compound will have no systemic toxicity in man, or any other effect on the eye. 2.) We believe it possible (likely?) that in aqueous humor (and other secretory sites, as cerebrospinal fluid and pancreas), the observed linkage of Na+ and HCO3- has a specific chemical basis, in ion pairing of NaCO3- and NaHCO3-degrees. This has not been considered for epithelial secretion but has been entertained as a basis for HCO3- - Cl- exchange in red cells. In this view Na+ is not the moving force for fluid formation, but Na is incorporated into an anion or undissociated molecule. We shall investigate this; if true, the new concept should profoundly affect studies of ion transport. 3.) We continue to study our finding that protonation by Lewis or Bronsted acids reduces or abolishes aqueous humor secretion. This has theoretical implications for mechanisms of secretion and offers the possibility of reduction of aqueous secretion by new methods. In this context we shall also study the pH of ciliary process and how this may be changed by acids or by carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. 4.) We shall measure the rates of ion movement from plasma to aqueous humor, before and after administration of various classes of drugs known to affect aqueous secretion, as we have done with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. This is a neglected aspect of ocular pharmacology; we shall study ouabain, timolol, pilocarpine, epinephrine, and several others. Such measurements should throw light on their (presently unknown) mechanism.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Eye Institute (NEI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01EY002227-16
Application #
3256606
Study Section
Visual Sciences A Study Section (VISA)
Project Start
1978-03-01
Project End
1995-02-28
Budget Start
1993-03-01
Budget End
1994-02-28
Support Year
16
Fiscal Year
1993
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Florida
Department
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
073130411
City
Gainesville
State
FL
Country
United States
Zip Code
32611
Maren, T H (2000) Carbonic anhydrase inhibition in ophthalmology: aqueous humor secretion and the development of sulfonamide inhibitors. EXS :425-35
Conroy, C W; Maren, T H (1999) Corneal sequestration and delivery to ciliary process of six topically applied sulfonamides. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 15:179-87
Wistrand, P J; Carter, N D; Conroy, C W et al. (1999) Carbonic anhydrase IV activity is localized on the exterior surface of human erythrocytes. Acta Physiol Scand 165:211-8
Conroy, C W; Maren, T H (1998) The ocular distribution of methazolamide after corneal and scleral administration: the effect of ionization state. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 14:565-73
Maren, T H; Godman, D R; Pancorbo, B M et al. (1997) Timolol decreases aqueous humor flow but not Na+ movement from plasma to aqueous. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 38:1274-7
Maren, T H; Conroy, C W; Wynns, G C et al. (1997) Ocular absorption, blood levels, and excretion of dorzolamide, a topically active carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 13:23-30
Maren, T H; Conroy, C W; Wynns, G C et al. (1997) Renal and cerebrospinal fluid formation pharmacology of a high molecular weight carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 280:98-104
Conroy, C W (1997) Sulfonamides do not reach the retina in therapeutic amounts after topical application to the cornea. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 13:465-72
Maren, T H (1997) Sulfonamides and secretion of aqueous humor. J Exp Zool 279:490-7
Supuran, C T; Conroy, C W; Maren, T H (1997) Is cyanate a carbonic anhydrase substrate? Proteins 27:272-8

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