Epidemiology of Retinopathy and Other Complications in Long Term Type 1 Diabetes Project Summary / Abstract Persons with long term type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are at high risk of developing severe complications, presenting a pressing need to prevent these outcomes. It is, therefore, the goal of this epidemiological study to determine the relationship of specific underexamined risk factors for these complications that hold promise of diminishing these risks beyond the improvements achieved with current strategies. This study aims to measure advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), receptors for AGEs (RAGE), carotid intimal-medial thickness, markers of antioxidant stress, and related candidate genes and their relationships to diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, myocardial infarction, stroke, and cognitive dysfunction outcomes. In addition, the study will determine the relationship of retinal vessel diameters and severity of diabetic retinopathy to diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, MI, stroke, and cognitive dysfunction. This proposal builds on a longitudinal representative cohort study of persons with long duration of T1DM participating in the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy (WESDR, funded by NEI grants R01 EY03083 and R01 EY016379). The study included all insulin-taking persons with type 1 diabetes who were receiving primary medical care in an 11-county area of southwestern Wisconsin in 1979- 1980. They were examined in 1980-1982 and approximately every 5 years thereafter. Objective recording of retinopathy from stereoscopic fundus photography combined with a standardized grading, refraction and visual acuity, carotid artery ultrasound, electrocardiogram, measurement of skin intrinsic fluorescence, tests of cognition, and measurement of serum (e.g., AGEs [carboxymethyl lysine, pentosidine], soluble RAGE, oxidized low density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatinine) according to standardized protocols will be obtained in the proposed examination. In addition, we will measure AGEs, RAGE and oxidized low density lipoprotein cholesterol from frozen serum from previous exams to determine longitudinal associations with PDR and other complications. The new data from this study will provide a unique opportunity to determine why, independent of glycemic and blood pressure control, and despite long duration of T1DM, some persons have minimal to mild diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, cognitive dysfunction, and less severe cardiovascular disease, while others have more severe complications. These data will be important to patients and their physicians in developing new interventions for managing type 1 diabetes and to public health practitioners charged with delivering preventive care.

Public Health Relevance

Epidemiology of Retinopathy and Other Complications in Long Term Type 1 Diabetes Project Narrative Persons with long term type 1 diabetes mellitus are at high risk of developing severe complications of type 1 diabetes, presenting a pressing need to prevent these outcomes. The new data from this study will provide a unique opportunity to determine why, independent of glycemic and blood pressure control, and despite long duration of type 1 diabetes, some persons have minimal to mild diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, cognitive dysfunction and less severe cardiovascular disease, while others have more severe complications. These data will be important to patients and their physicians in managing type 1 diabetes and to public health practitioners charged with delivering preventive care.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Eye Institute (NEI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01EY016379-08
Application #
8820918
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZEY1-VSN (10))
Program Officer
Schron, Eleanor
Project Start
2005-09-01
Project End
2017-03-31
Budget Start
2015-04-01
Budget End
2016-03-31
Support Year
8
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
$528,404
Indirect Cost
$177,305
Name
University of Wisconsin Madison
Department
Ophthalmology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
161202122
City
Madison
State
WI
Country
United States
Zip Code
53715
Klein, Ronald; Lee, Kristine E; Danforth, Lorraine et al. (2018) The Relationship of Retinal Vessel Geometric Characteristics to the Incidence and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy. Ophthalmology 125:1784-1792
Klein, Ronald; Horak, Kayla; Lee, Kristine E et al. (2017) The Relationship of Serum Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (sRAGE) and Carboxymethyl Lysine (CML) to the Incidence of Diabetic Nephropathy in Persons With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 40:e117-e119
Klein, Barbara E K; Horak, Kayla L; Maynard, John D et al. (2017) Association of Skin Intrinsic Fluorescence with Retinal Microvascular Complications of Long Term Type 1 Diabetes in the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 24:211-216
O'Neal, Wesley T; Lee, Kristine E; Soliman, Elsayed Z et al. (2017) Predictors of electrocardiographic abnormalities in type 1 Diabetes: the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. J Endocrinol Invest 40:313-318
Fan, Qiao; Guo, Xiaobo; Tideman, J Willem L et al. (2016) Childhood gene-environment interactions and age-dependent effects of genetic variants associated with refractive error and myopia: The CREAM Consortium. Sci Rep 6:25853
Roshandel, Delnaz; Klein, Ronald; Klein, Barbara E K et al. (2016) New Locus for Skin Intrinsic Fluorescence in Type 1 Diabetes Also Associated With Blood and Skin Glycated Proteins. Diabetes 65:2060-71
Sohn, Elliott H; van Dijk, Hille W; Jiao, Chunhua et al. (2016) Retinal neurodegeneration may precede microvascular changes characteristic of diabetic retinopathy in diabetes mellitus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113:E2655-64
Porta, Massimo; Toppila, Iiro; Sandholm, Niina et al. (2016) Variation in SLC19A3 and Protection From Microvascular Damage in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 65:1022-30
Ryan, Christopher M; Klein, Barbara E K; Lee, Kristine E et al. (2016) Associations between recent severe hypoglycemia, retinal vessel diameters, and cognition in adults with type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 30:1513-1518
Klein, Barbara E K; Klein, Ronald (2015) Further insight on the limits of success of glycemic control in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 64:341-3

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