In the United States, traumatic injury accounts for a greater loss of productive life years than that of any other disease and has an estimated annual healthcare cost of 400 billion dollars per year. For patients that are injured, major bleeding accounts for the largest number of deaths that are potentially preventable both in civilian and military trauma. Mortality in patients that survive the initial insult is often due to the development of organ dysfunction and/or sepsis. Thus, understanding the cellular mechanisms that lead to tissue injury and the development of therapeutic adjuncts that can be instituted in the field early in the care of these patients has tremendous potential to significantly improve morbidity and mortality. Our investigations have focused on the understanding of the role of carbon monoxide (CO) in physiological and pathophysiological conditions, as well as the development of CO as a therapeutic. CO is produces endogenously in the breakdown of heme by heme oxygenase enzymes and has been shown to possess significant anti-inflammatory properties. Exogenous CO can be harnessed for its cytoprotective properties and we have been studying the use of inhaled CO as a therapeutic in pre-clinical models since 1999. Our strong preclinical data demonstrates that inhaled CO can protect against the development of shock, inflammation, organ injury, and death from hemorrhage. Importantly, cells and tissues must be able to adjust metabolism and intracellular processes to accommodate for the lack of oxygen and other vital cellular resources that characterize shock states. Only recently we have recognized a role for HO enzymes and CO in the control of cellular metabolism and bioenergetics. Our experiments are designed to study the mechanism(s) of HO signaling, as well as the protective mechanism(s) of CO when delivered exogenously as a therapeutic in models of acute severe hemorrhage and resuscitation. Our studies concentrate on the influence of HO enzymes and CO within the liver and hepatocytes, as hepatic injury has been a major area of investigation within our laboratory. Based on our published work and promising preliminary data we hypothesize that: Heme Oxygenase Enzymes/Carbon Monoxide protect against the development of shock/bioenergetic failure from hemorrhage or hypoxia. We shall test these hypotheses by addressing the following aims:
Specific Aim I : To determine the role and mechanism(s) of HO/CO in the regulation of respiration to protect against organ dysfunction from hemorrhagic shock.
Specific Aim II. To determine the protective role of mitochondria as signaling organelles in hemorrhage/resuscitation and the mechanisms of regulation by HO/CO.

Public Health Relevance

Traumatic injury results in the greatest loss of productive life years compared to all other diseases in the United States. The development of shock and multiple organ dysfunction secondary to hemorrhage accounts for a significant portion of these deaths;however, it has been exceedingly difficult to develop treatment strategies that effectively reverse the processes. In the proposed study, we will investigate the therapeutic effect of inhaled carbon monoxide as well as the role(s) of heme oxygenase enzymes in the regulation of cellular metabolism and adaptive bioenergetic signaling to limit hepatic and organ injury from hemorrhage.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01GM082830-01A2
Application #
7985169
Study Section
Surgery, Anesthesiology and Trauma Study Section (SAT)
Program Officer
Somers, Scott D
Project Start
2010-09-01
Project End
2015-07-31
Budget Start
2010-09-01
Budget End
2011-07-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2010
Total Cost
$295,425
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Pittsburgh
Department
Surgery
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
004514360
City
Pittsburgh
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
15213
Namas, Rami A; Vodovotz, Yoram; Almahmoud, Khalid et al. (2016) Temporal Patterns of Circulating Inflammation Biomarker Networks Differentiate Susceptibility to Nosocomial Infection Following Blunt Trauma in Humans. Ann Surg 263:191-8
Nassour, Ibrahim; Kautza, Benjamin; Rubin, Mark et al. (2015) Carbon monoxide protects against hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation-induced microcirculatory injury and tissue injury. Shock 43:166-71
Kautza, Benjamin; Gomez, Hernando; Escobar, Daniel et al. (2015) Inhaled, nebulized sodium nitrite protects in murine and porcine experimental models of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation by limiting mitochondrial injury. Nitric Oxide 51:7-18
Schallner, Nils; Pandit, Rambhau; LeBlanc 3rd, Robert et al. (2015) Microglia regulate blood clearance in subarachnoid hemorrhage by heme oxygenase-1. J Clin Invest 125:2609-25
Waltz, Paul; Escobar, Daniel; Botero, Ana Maria et al. (2015) Nitrate/Nitrite as Critical Mediators to Limit Oxidative Injury and Inflammation. Antioxid Redox Signal 23:328-39
Haugaa, Håkon; Gómez, Hernando; Maberry, Donald R et al. (2015) Effects of inhalation of low-dose nitrite or carbon monoxide on post-reperfusion mitochondrial function and tissue injury in hemorrhagic shock swine. Crit Care 19:184
Luciano, Jason A; Kautza, Benjamin; Darwiche, Sophie et al. (2015) Sirtuin 1 Agonist Minimizes Injury and Improves the Immune Response Following Traumatic Shock. Shock 44 Suppl 1:149-55
Gomez, Hernando; Kautza, Benjamin; Escobar, Daniel et al. (2015) Inhaled Carbon Monoxide Protects against the Development of Shock and Mitochondrial Injury following Hemorrhage and Resuscitation. PLoS One 10:e0135032
Escobar, Daniel A; Botero-Quintero, Ana M; Kautza, Benjamin C et al. (2015) Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation protects against sepsis-induced organ injury and inflammation. J Surg Res 194:262-72
Madigan, Michael; Entabi, Fateh; Zuckerbraun, Brian et al. (2015) Delayed inhaled carbon monoxide mediates the regression of established neointimal lesions. J Vasc Surg 61:1026-33

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