HIV dementia (HIV-D) is one of the most common causes of dementia in young adults in the United States. Aberrant immune activation and oxidative stress within the central nervous system (CMS) play a significant role in the development of HIV-D. Disruptions in cytokine and redox balance produce reactive oxygen species which can attack proteins, deoxynucleic acids, and lipid membranes resulting in cellular dysfunction and cell death. Recent data from our group demonstrate increases in several markers of oxidative stress, specifically, ceramide, sphingomyelin, and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). The project will assemble a cohort of HIV+ individuals with varying degrees of neurocognitive impairment: 1) to define the association between markers of oxidative stress and HIV-D in a cohort of HAART-treated subjects and to determine the relationship between these markers and laboratory markers of macrophage and astrocyte activation and neuroimaging markers of inflammation and neuronal injury, 2) to determine whether markers of oxidative stress predict either the reversibility or the progression of HIV-D, and 3) to determine whether the antioxidant treatment, minocycline is safe in patients with HIV-D, improves HIV associated cognitive impairment, and decreases markers of oxidative stress. We propose the first large-scale prospective study to quantify novel markers of oxidative stress in individuals with HIV-associated cognitive impairment receiving HAART. This proposal examines the interrelationship between these markers and novel immune activation and neuroimaging markers of inflammation and neuronal injury to define the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of HIV-D. This proposal will potentially identify new cellular targets of HIV-D treatment, and we will initiate a controlled clinical trial to test a new agent for the treatment of HIV-D. We believe that oxidative stress plays a significant role in the development of HIV-D, and strategies to decrease oxidative stress may serve as a useful therapeutic target to treat HIV-D.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01MH071150-02
Application #
7050217
Study Section
NeuroAIDS and other End-Organ Diseases Study Section (NAED)
Program Officer
Joseph, Jeymohan
Project Start
2005-04-08
Project End
2010-03-31
Budget Start
2006-04-01
Budget End
2007-03-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2006
Total Cost
$421,543
Indirect Cost
Name
Johns Hopkins University
Department
Neurology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
001910777
City
Baltimore
State
MD
Country
United States
Zip Code
21218
Ubaida-Mohien, Ceereena; Lamberty, Benjamin; Dickens, Alex M et al. (2017) Modifications in acute phase and complement systems predict shifts in cognitive status of HIV-infected patients. AIDS 31:1365-1378
Sacktor, Ned; Miyahara, Sachiko; Evans, Scott et al. (2014) Impact of minocycline on cerebrospinal fluid markers of oxidative stress, neuronal injury, and inflammation in HIV-seropositive individuals with cognitive impairment. J Neurovirol 20:620-6
Tan, I Lin; Smith, B R; Hammond, Edward et al. (2013) Older individuals with HIV infection have greater memory deficits than younger individuals. J Neurovirol 19:531-6
Bandaru, Veera Venkata Ratnam; Mielke, Michelle M; Sacktor, Ned et al. (2013) A lipid storage-like disorder contributes to cognitive decline in HIV-infected subjects. Neurology 81:1492-9
Rosenthal, Liana S; Skolasky, Richard L; Moxley 4th, Richard T et al. (2013) A novel computerized functional assessment for human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurocognitive disorder. J Neurovirol 19:432-41
Tovar-y-Romo, Luis B; Bumpus, Namandjé N; Pomerantz, Daniel et al. (2012) Dendritic spine injury induced by the 8-hydroxy metabolite of efavirenz. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 343:696-703
Sacktor, N; Miyahara, S; Deng, L et al. (2011) Minocycline treatment for HIV-associated cognitive impairment: results from a randomized trial. Neurology 77:1135-42
Gandhi, Nishiena S; Skolasky, Richard L; Peters, Katherine B et al. (2011) A comparison of performance-based measures of function in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. J Neurovirol 17:159-65
Nakasujja, Noeline; Skolasky, Richard L; Musisi, Seggane et al. (2010) Depression symptoms and cognitive function among individuals with advanced HIV infection initiating HAART in Uganda. BMC Psychiatry 10:44
Sacktor, Ned; Skolasky, Richard L; Cox, Christopher et al. (2010) Longitudinal psychomotor speed performance in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive individuals: impact of age and serostatus. J Neurovirol 16:335-41

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