Forgiveness has been linked to better psychological, emotional, and physiological functioning, whereas the failure to forgive has been linked to increased risk for psychopathology and impairments to physiological functioning. This application proposes a five-year program of research to investigate the potentially beneficial effects of forgiveness for reducing risk for psychopathology, improving psychological well-being, reducing alcohol-related problems, reducing anger and stress-related physiological arousal, and improving cognitive performance. To encourage forgiveness among recent victims of interpersonal transgressions, we will develop and evaluate a laboratory-based """"""""benefit-finding"""""""" induction. Benefit-finding after adversity is very common and fosters resilience after traumatic life events. Thus, benefit-finding may help people forgive and thereby overcome the negative psychological, emotional, physiological, and cognitive effects of not forgiving. Also, the proposed project extends previous efforts to explore forgiveness as a change process using recent statistical advances. The proposed project has five specific aims: (1) to examine the link between benefit-finding and forgiveness experimentally; (2) to identify variables based on Equity Theory that moderate the effect of benefit-finding on forgiveness; (3) to better understand forgiveness as a change process using growth mixture modeling; (4) To determine whether forgiveness reduces risk for negative outcomes in the domains of psychopathology and psychological well-being; alcohol use; emotion, physiology; and cognitive performance; and (5) to determine whether forgiveness mediates the relationship between a benefit-finding induction and the outcomes listed above. In addition, the research will develop a technique?thinking and writing about possible personal benefits associated with a transgression one has suffered?that may have future clinical applications for reducing the burden of psychopathology and for reducing problems related to alcohol use, anger, stress-related physiological arousal, and cognitive performance.
| Tabak, Benjamin A; McCullough, Michael E; Carver, Charles S et al. (2014) Variation in oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) polymorphisms is associated with emotional and behavioral reactions to betrayal. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 9:810-6 |
| McCullough, Michael E; Pedersen, Eric J; Tabak, Benjamin A et al. (2014) Conciliatory gestures promote forgiveness and reduce anger in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:11211-6 |
| McCullough, Michael E; Kurzban, Robert; Tabak, Benjamin A (2013) Cognitive systems for revenge and forgiveness. Behav Brain Sci 36:1-15 |
| Tabak, Benjamin A; McCullough, Michael E; Luna, Lindsey R et al. (2012) Conciliatory gestures facilitate forgiveness and feelings of friendship by making transgressors appear more agreeable. J Pers 80:503-36 |
| Tabak, Benjamin A; McCullough, Michael E (2011) Perceived transgressor agreeableness decreases cortisol response and increases forgiveness following recent interpersonal transgressions. Biol Psychol 87:386-92 |
| Tabak, Benjamin A; McCullough, Michael E; Szeto, Angela et al. (2011) Oxytocin indexes relational distress following interpersonal harms in women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 36:115-22 |
| McCullough, Michael E; Luna, Lindsey Root; Berry, Jack W et al. (2010) On the form and function of forgiving: modeling the time-forgiveness relationship and testing the valuable relationships hypothesis. Emotion 10:358-76 |
| Bono, Giacomo; McCullough, Michael E; Root, Lindsey M (2008) Forgiveness, feeling connected to others, and well-being: two longitudinal studies. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 34:182-95 |
| McCullough, Michael E; Bono, Giacomo; Root, Lindsey M (2007) Rumination, emotion, and forgiveness: three longitudinal studies. J Pers Soc Psychol 92:490-505 |
| McCullough, Michael E; Root, Lindsey M; Cohen, Adam D (2006) Writing about the benefits of an interpersonal transgression facilitates forgiveness. J Consult Clin Psychol 74:887-97 |
