Young women in sub-Saharan Africa are at incredibly high risk of HIV infection; 76% of all new infections among young people occur in young women and 77% of HIV positive women globally live in sub-Saharan Africa. Given this, young women have been prioritized as a key population in need of urgent prevention interventions. However, there is a paucity of longitudinal data to understand the multiple levels of social, community, household, and individual factors that shape HIV incidence among young women in sub-Saharan Africa. To date, much of the data on HIV risk in young women has focused on individual-level factors; in particular sexual behavior, has been cross-sectional in nature and often has lacked rich information on social determinants which are key to shaping young women's HIV risk. The overall objective of this application is to determine the effect and mechanisms of effect of key social determinants measured at multiple levels (e.g., individual, household, and community) that influence HIV acquisition in young women in South Africa. In this application, we focus on three under-examined thematic areas which cross-cut multiple levels of influence and that our research and the literature suggest are critical to shaping young women's HIV risk-gender inequity, schooling and socio-economic status, and emotional well-being. Understanding how these determinants shape risk and protection is critical to developing effective interventions to reduce new HIV infection. We have established an ongoing cohort of 2,500 adolescent South African girls, followed through key life transitions into early adulthood; notably this data includes HIV incidence and many key determinants of HIV infection including important life transitions such as coital debut and school completion at multiple time-points. In this application, we propose one additional data collection point as the cohort is entering a period of high HIV incidence. Uniquely, we can link our cohort data with two rich data sets that contain community social environment data as well as population demographic surveillance (census) data. Using the data collected from our longitudinal cohort of young women combined with comprehensive demographic surveillance data and community-level context data, we have a unique opportunity to triangulate and leverage NIH-supported research in order to understand how key social determinants shape HIV risk in young women in South Africa as they transition from adolescence into young adulthood. We also will quantify how intervening on these key social determinants, separately and in combinations, could impact HIV incidence in young women providing critically needed insights for prevention programs targeting this population.

Public Health Relevance

This project will identify social determinants and their pathways of effect that shape HIV risk among young women in sub-Saharan Africa, a population that bears an enormous burden of disease. Specifically this grant will focus on a cohort of young women as they transition from adolescence and into adulthood, when HIV incidence is very high, improving our fundamental understanding of the mechanisms behind the HIV epidemic in this setting. By quantifying how interventions on social determinants could reduce HIV incidence, this project will provide information that is critical to developing and optimizing effective interventions by targeting the key combination of factors to reduce new HIV infection.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01MH110186-03
Application #
9420664
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Allison, Susannah
Project Start
2016-04-22
Project End
2021-01-31
Budget Start
2018-02-01
Budget End
2019-01-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
Department
Public Health & Prev Medicine
Type
Schools of Public Health
DUNS #
608195277
City
Chapel Hill
State
NC
Country
United States
Zip Code
27599
Stoner, Marie C D; Edwards, Jessie K; Miller, William C et al. (2018) Does Partner Selection Mediate the Relationship Between School Attendance and HIV/Herpes Simplex Virus-2 Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in South Africa: An Analysis of HIV Prevention Trials Network 068 Data. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 79:20-27
Kilburn, Kelly; Hughes, James P; MacPhail, Catherine et al. (2018) Cash Transfers, Young Women's Economic Well-Being, and HIV Risk: Evidence from HPTN 068. AIDS Behav :
Kilburn, Kelly N; Pettifor, Audrey; Edwards, Jessie K et al. (2018) Conditional cash transfers and the reduction in partner violence for young women: an investigation of causal pathways using evidence from a randomized experiment in South Africa (HPTN 068). J Int AIDS Soc 21 Suppl 1:
Kilburn, Kelly; Ranganathan, Meghna; Stoner, Marie C D et al. (2018) Transactional sex and incident HIV infection in a cohort of young women from rural South Africa. AIDS 32:1669-1677
Leddy, Anna M; Lippman, Sheri A; Neilands, Torsten B et al. (2018) Community collective efficacy is associated with reduced physical intimate partner violence (IPV) incidence in the rural province of Mpumalanga, South Africa: findings from HPTN 068. J Epidemiol Community Health :
Lippman, Sheri A; Leddy, Anna M; Neilands, Torsten B et al. (2018) Village community mobilization is associated with reduced HIV incidence in young South African women participating in the HPTN 068 study cohort. J Int AIDS Soc 21 Suppl 7:e25182
Stoner, Marie C D; Edwards, Jessie K; Miller, William C et al. (2017) Effect of Schooling on Age-Disparate Relationships and Number of Sexual Partners Among Young Women in Rural South Africa Enrolled in HPTN 068. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 76:e107-e114