A proportion of dominantly inherited ALS arises from mutation in superoxide dismutase (SOD1). Accumulation of misfolded SOD1 is widely recognized as a component of this toxicity, especially its aggregation onto mitochondria within spinal cord. How mitochondrial composition is affected by mutant SOD1 will be determined using quantitative SILAM mass spectrometry. The mechanism(s) through which ALS-linked mutations aggregate and damage mitochondria only in affected tissues will be also be determined, focusing on our discovery of a chaperone that can block misfolded SOD1 accumulation in non-neuronal cells. Combining 1) Barres'discovery of a role for complement in synaptic pruning and 2) our discovery that components of the complement cascade are induced in motor neurons early in SOD1 mutant-mediated disease, gene disruption will now be used to test the role in disease pathogenesis of complement induction within motor neurons. We previously demonstrated that toxicity from SOD1 mutants is non-cell autonomous, with damage within motor neurons driving disease onset and damage within neighboring glial cells (both astrocytes and microglia) driving rapid disease progression. The contribution(s) of mutant SOD1 toxicity within additional cell types, especially oligodendrocytes and their precursors will be tested by deletion of the mutant encoding transgene using cell type specific expression of Cre recombinase. Mechanistically, how mutant SOD1 damages motor neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes will be identified by high throughput sequencing of polysomal mRNAs recovered by ribosomal affinity tagging. This question is of especially high interest for astrocytes, which are known to generate one or more toxicities from their synthesis of ALS causing mutants in SOD1.
Beginning with the discoveries of three genetic causes of the fatal motor neuron disease Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), this effort seeks to uncover how mutation in these genes triggers the premature death of motor neurons that is the salient feature of this paralytic disease. Key questions to be tackled (whose solution may be central to devising successful therapies for ALS) will be determining the intracellular cascade of damaging events that the mutant proteins provoke and identifying which cell types are damaged by the disease causing mutants.
| McMahon, Moira A; Prakash, Thazha P; Cleveland, Don W et al. (2018) Chemically Modified Cpf1-CRISPR RNAs Mediate Efficient Genome Editing in Mammalian Cells. Mol Ther 26:1228-1240 |
| Gao, Fen-Biao; Richter, Joel D; Cleveland, Don W (2017) Rethinking Unconventional Translation in Neurodegeneration. Cell 171:994-1000 |
| Ditsworth, Dara; Maldonado, Marcus; McAlonis-Downes, Melissa et al. (2017) Mutant TDP-43 within motor neurons drives disease onset but not progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol 133:907-922 |
| Da Cruz, Sandrine; Bui, Anh; Saberi, Shahram et al. (2017) Misfolded SOD1 is not a primary component of sporadic ALS. Acta Neuropathol 134:97-111 |
| Taylor, J Paul; Brown Jr, Robert H; Cleveland, Don W (2016) Decoding ALS: from genes to mechanism. Nature 539:197-206 |
| Quaegebeur, Annelies; Segura, Inmaculada; Schmieder, Roberta et al. (2016) Deletion or Inhibition of the Oxygen Sensor PHD1 Protects against Ischemic Stroke via Reprogramming of Neuronal Metabolism. Cell Metab 23:280-91 |
| Da Cruz, Sandrine; Cleveland, Don W (2016) CELL BIOLOGY. Disrupted nuclear import-export in neurodegeneration. Science 351:125-6 |
| Sun, Shuying; Ling, Shuo-Chien; Qiu, Jinsong et al. (2015) ALS-causative mutations in FUS/TLS confer gain and loss of function by altered association with SMN and U1-snRNP. Nat Commun 6:6171 |
| Israelson, Adrian; Ditsworth, Dara; Sun, Shuying et al. (2015) Macrophage migration inhibitory factor as a chaperone inhibiting accumulation of misfolded SOD1. Neuron 86:218-32 |
| Bertuzzi, Stefano; Cleveland, Don W (2015) The curious incident of the translational dog that didn't bark. Trends Cell Biol 25:187-9 |
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