Mechanisms for regulating the efficacy of synaptic coupling, or synaptic strength, between neurons are required for critical brain functions such as learning and memory. The process of altering synaptic strength between neurons, broadly termed synaptic plasticity, is impaired or absent in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders and diseases. A key mechanism for one of the most robust forms of synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation, is the addition of AMPA-type neurotransmitter receptors from internal vesicular stores known as recycling endosomes (REs), to the postsynaptic membrane. Recent work has demonstrated that a large fraction of dendritic spines, the major sites of excitatory synaptic contact, contain REs and that these REs undergo fusion with the spine plasma membrane to deposit a stable pool of AMPA receptors at or near the synapse in response to plasticity-inducing activity. These data indicate that spine REs are poised for local delivery of plasticity factors to activated synapses, but many fundamental questions remain. For example, why these organelles are found in some spines but not others, how they are mobilized to fuse with the plasma membrane by plasticity-inducing stimuli, and how fusion contributes to synaptic function and plasticity are important issues we propose to address in this project.
In Aim1 we will address whether the history of synaptic activity influences the distribution REs at individual synapses and/or their AMPA receptor content.
In Aim2 we will determine whether plasticity at individual synapses directly scales with spine RE content.
In Aim3 we will dissect the second messengers and signaling molecules that couple synaptic activity to spine RE fusion. Combined, these independent but complementary aims will greatly advance our understanding of fundamental forms of neuronal plasticity and inform future efforts in determining how and why plasticity is disrupted in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders and diseases including Alzheimer's, autism, schizophrenia and addiction.

Public Health Relevance

Regulated changes in the efficiency of synaptic coupling in the central nervous system, a process known as synaptic plasticity, is absolutely critical for normal cognitive function. This proposal investigates the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for important forms of plasticity involved in learning and memory that are disrupted in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders and diseases including autism, addiction, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01NS082271-02
Application #
8675974
Study Section
Synapses, Cytoskeleton and Trafficking Study Section (SYN)
Program Officer
Talley, Edmund M
Project Start
2013-06-15
Project End
2018-04-30
Budget Start
2014-05-01
Budget End
2015-04-30
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Colorado Denver
Department
Pharmacology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
City
Aurora
State
CO
Country
United States
Zip Code
80045
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Hiester, Brian G; Bourke, Ashley M; Sinnen, Brooke L et al. (2017) L-Type Voltage-Gated Ca2+ Channels Regulate Synaptic-Activity-Triggered Recycling Endosome Fusion in Neuronal Dendrites. Cell Rep 21:2134-2146
Bowen, Aaron B; Bourke, Ashley M; Hiester, Brian G et al. (2017) Golgi-independent secretory trafficking through recycling endosomes in neuronal dendrites and spines. Elife 6:
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