HIV-induced sensory neuropathy (HIV-SN) is a major global health problem as 35 million people are infected with HIV and a considerable percentage of these will develop neuropathy. HIV-SN poses a major burden on the quality of life of affected patients as many suffer from neuropathic pain that is resistant to antiretroviral therapy as well a other drugs commonly used to treat neuropathic pain. Despite the pressing need for novel therapeutics, the development of new treatment strategies has been hampered by our lack of understanding of the mechanisms underlying HIV-induced neuropathy. Using an SIV/macaque model of HIV-neuropathy that closely recapitulates HIV-induced damage, we propose to investigate the underlying cause of HIV-SN by 1) developing tools that allow the use of corneal confocal microscopy to non-invasively track the development of peripheral neuropathy and 2) measuring levels of SIV-induced inflammatory mediators in plasma and dorsal root ganglia. In this macaque model, we will also record neuronal activity from unmyelinated nociceptive afferents in peripheral nerves to investigate whether such afferents develop signs of peripheral sensitization after infection as sensitization could contribute to spontaneous pain and hyperalgesia seen in patients with HIV-SN. In addition to peripheral nociceptive nerve fibers, nociceptive neurons in DRG may be damaged by inflammatory mediators produced locally in DRG or present in the circulation. Using the patch-clamp electrophysiology technique, we will investigate whether nociceptive DRG neurons develop hyperexcitability during SIV infection and whether inflammatory mediator-sensitive voltage-gated sodium channel isoforms play a role. By correlating the findings obtained with the different techniques, we will obtain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying HIV-sensory neuropathy to develop new strategies for treatment.

Public Health Relevance

HIV-associated sensory neuropathy is the most common neurologic complication of HIV infection. Severe pain and hypersensitivity in the soles of the feet, although not life threatening, markedly impair quality of life. Studies of HIV damage to the peripheral nervous system in the SIV-macaque model offers a unique opportunity to define how SIV-induced inflammation impairs sensory nerve function, thereby guiding discovery of new therapies.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01NS097221-01
Application #
9152630
Study Section
NeuroAIDS and other End-Organ Diseases Study Section (NAED)
Program Officer
Wong, May
Project Start
2016-04-01
Project End
2021-01-31
Budget Start
2016-04-01
Budget End
2017-01-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Johns Hopkins University
Department
Veterinary Sciences
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
001910777
City
Baltimore
State
MD
Country
United States
Zip Code
21205
Klein, Amanda H; Vyshnevska, Alina; Hartke, Timothy V et al. (2017) Sodium Channel Nav1.8 Underlies TTX-Resistant Axonal Action Potential Conduction in Somatosensory C-Fibers of Distal Cutaneous Nerves. J Neurosci 37:5204-5214