Recent discovery of T-helper 17 (Th17) cells and regulatory T cells (Treg) has markedly facilitated our understanding of human immunity under both physiological and pathological conditions. Tregs have a broad immunosuppressive capacity and play a central role in the prevention of autoimmunity and maintenance of immune homeostasis, whereas Th17 cells play an important role in host defense against microbial infections, and are important contributors to the pathogenesis of a wide array of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, Treg cells also have deleterious effects by aiding the persistence of infectious pathogens and blocking effective anti-tumor immunity. A better understanding of the nature and intimate links between Th17 and Treg cell responses will be critical for the elucidation of the roles of these cells in the pathogenesis of different diseases, and for the development of novel strategies to treat and prevent immune-related diseases including cancer and autoimmune diseases. We recently demonstrated that increased Th17 cell populations exist in the tumor-infiltrating T cells (TILs) of melanoma, ovarian, breast and colon cancers. We further discovered that human tumor-infiltrating Th17 cells can differentiate into IFN-?-producing and FoxP3+ populations possessing potent suppressive activity after multiple in vitro T cell receptor (TCR) stimulations and expansions, suggesting the instability and plasticity of tumor-infiltrating Th17 cells. Therefore, it is critical to investigate the commitment, plasticity and interconversion between Th17 cells and Tregs, and understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for the Th17-to-Treg differentiation in the tumor microenvironment. Our long-term goals are to identify the role of Th17 and Tregs in anti-tumor immunity and develop strategies to modify their interactions and functions for improved cancer treatment. The central hypothesis of this proposal is that Th17 cells have developmental plasticity and can differentiate into Tregs with suppressive function in the tumor microenvironment.
Specific Aim 1 seeks to identify the generality of differentiation of Th17 cells derived from non-tumor sites into Tregs, and then to identify the potential molecular mechanisms, including epigenetic modification of FoxP3 expression and reprogramming of lineage-specific transcriptional factor and cytokine genes, involved in the Th17-to-Treg differentiation and conversion.
Specific Aim 2 will investigate the differentiation of Th17 cells into Tregs in vivo in mouse tumor models. We will first investigate whether tumor microenvironments promote the conversion of Th17 cells into Tregs in a B16 melanoma tumor model using highly purified Th17 cells polarized from FoxP3-CD4+ T cells derived from FoxP3EGFP transgenic mice. We will then determine whether antigen stimulation is critical for the differentiation of Th17 cells into Tregs in the tumor microenvironment using OT-II and FoxP3EGFP double transgenic mice. A positive outcome of these studies should lead to novel strategies for manipulation of Th17 and Treg cell commitment for the treatment of human cancer and other diseases as well.

Public Health Relevance

The proposed studies address the important areas of T cell commitment and plasticity, tumor suppressive microenvironments and anti-tumor immunotherapy. The proposed research has relevance to public health, because it seeks to investigate the commitment and interconversion between Th17 cells and regulatory T cells within tumor microenvironments, and then identify the potential molecular mechanisms responsible for the differentiation of Th17 cells into regulatory T cells. Thus, the findings should improve our fundamental understanding of T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity, and are ultimately expected to be applicable to improve the treatments against human cancer, chronic infections and immune-related diseases as well.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21)
Project #
5R21AI097852-02
Application #
8417641
Study Section
Transplantation, Tolerance, and Tumor Immunology (TTT)
Program Officer
Lapham, Cheryl K
Project Start
2012-02-15
Project End
2015-01-31
Budget Start
2013-02-01
Budget End
2015-01-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$187,500
Indirect Cost
$62,500
Name
Saint Louis University
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
050220722
City
Saint Louis
State
MO
Country
United States
Zip Code
63103
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Huang, Lan; Xu, Huaxi; Peng, Guangyong (2018) TLR-mediated metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment: potential novel strategies for cancer immunotherapy. Cell Mol Immunol 15:428-437
Liu, Xia; Mo, Wei; Ye, Jian et al. (2018) Regulatory T cells trigger effector T cell DNA damage and senescence caused by metabolic competition. Nat Commun 9:249
Ye, Jian; Wang, Yadan; Liu, Xia et al. (2017) TLR7 Signaling Regulates Th17 Cells and Autoimmunity: Novel Potential for Autoimmune Therapy. J Immunol 199:941-954
Ye, Jian; Livergood, Rob S; Peng, Guangyong (2013) The role and regulation of human Th17 cells in tumor immunity. Am J Pathol 182:10-20
Ye, Jian; Ma, Chunling; Hsueh, Eddy C et al. (2013) Tumor-derived ?? regulatory T cells suppress innate and adaptive immunity through the induction of immunosenescence. J Immunol 190:2403-14
Ye, Jian; Ma, Chunling; Wang, Fang et al. (2013) Specific recruitment of ?? regulatory T cells in human breast cancer. Cancer Res 73:6137-48
Ye, Jian; Huang, Xingxu; Hsueh, Eddy C et al. (2012) Human regulatory T cells induce T-lymphocyte senescence. Blood 120:2021-31
Ma, Chunling; Zhang, Qunyuan; Ye, Jian et al. (2012) Tumor-infiltrating ?? T lymphocytes predict clinical outcome in human breast cancer. J Immunol 189:5029-36
Ye, Jian; Su, Xinming; Hsueh, Eddy C et al. (2011) Human tumor-infiltrating Th17 cells have the capacity to differentiate into IFN-ýý+ and FOXP3+ T cells with potent suppressive function. Eur J Immunol 41:936-51

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