Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that can arise due to a failure to develop immunological tolerance to self-antigens present in the pancreas. In NOD mice, which develop type 1 diabetes due to a thymic defect in central tolerance, alpha/beta T cells are produced that attack the pancreas and render it unable to produce insulin. Various methods of inducing peripheral immune tolerance to critical self-antigens can delay or decrease the severity of type 1 diabetes. A major self-antigen in both human and NOD mouse diabetes is insulin, and we recently discovered that gamma/delta T cells respond to the same insulin peptide that is recognized by many diabetogenic alpha/beta T cells, which is generated naturally in the NOD pancreas. Because studies on diabetes patients suggested that gamma/delta T cells may be an important factor in the development of the disease, and because three different studies with NOD background mice have now shown that gamma/delta T cells can suppress the development of type 1 diabetes, these findings together make a compelling argument for the further study of how gamma/delta T cells affect this disease. We have now generated NOD mice incapable of producing gamma/delta T cells, NOD.TCRdelta-/- mice, and in this project will use these mice to test the hypothesis that gamma/delta T cells which prevent or reduce type 1 diabetes represent a distinct subset that alters the response of autoaggressive alpha/beta T cells. First, we will test NOD.TCRdelta-/- mice to ascertain whether gamma/delta T cells in fact can slow or reduce the severity of type 1 diabetes in the spontaneous NOD model. Second, because different gamma/delta T cell subsets often have distinct functions, we will determine whether all gamma/delta T cells, or only a certain type, can protect against diabetes, using a NOD/SCID adoptive transfer model. We will also investigate the role of certain cytokine candidates produced by the relevant gamma/delta T cells, towards elucidating how this protection is mediated.

Public Health Relevance

Several publications have suggested that a relatively rare T cell type, known as the gamma/delta T cell, is important in determining whether or not type 1diabetes develops. These cells were shown in some experimental models to play a suppressive role in type 1 diabetes, but it is not yet clear whether they are also able do so during normal development of the disease. The purpose of this study is to determine whether these gamma/delta T cells affect the incidence or severity of disease in spontaneously developing mouse type 1diabetes, and to determine the characteristics of the suppressive gamma/delta T cells. This work could lead to new methods of slowing or preventing type 1 diabetes, via the stimulation of suppressive gamma/delta T cells.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21)
Project #
1R21AI097962-01
Application #
8234758
Study Section
Hypersensitivity, Autoimmune, and Immune-mediated Diseases Study Section (HAI)
Program Officer
Bourcier, Katarzyna
Project Start
2012-03-01
Project End
2014-02-28
Budget Start
2012-03-01
Budget End
2013-02-28
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$237,750
Indirect Cost
$87,750
Name
National Jewish Health
Department
Type
DUNS #
076443019
City
Denver
State
CO
Country
United States
Zip Code
80206
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Huang, Yafei; Heiser, Ryan A; Detanico, Thiago O et al. (2015) ?? T cells affect IL-4 production and B-cell tolerance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:E39-48
O'Brien, Rebecca L; Born, Willi K (2015) Dermal ?? T cells--What have we learned? Cell Immunol 296:62-9
Aydintug, M Kemal; Zhang, Li; Wang, Chao et al. (2014) ?? T cells recognize the insulin B:9-23 peptide antigen when it is dimerized through thiol oxidation. Mol Immunol 60:116-28