This proposal describes a community-based participatory research study to develop and pilot test a new behavioral intervention to promote mammography screening among Navajo women. From a public health perspective, the intervention has the potential to reach many Navajo women, as 80% of women scheduled for mammography appointments do not follow through. These women (over 1,500 each year) are referred to the Nation Breast and Cervical Cancer Prevention Program (NNBCCPP). A key barrier toward implementing cancer prevention and control efforts in the Navajo community is a lack of cancer literacy or cultural and conceptual knowledge regarding cancer. Other barriers to screening are fear of cancer, stigma of cancer (even talking about cancer) often experienced by the patient, family and community, and lack of knowledge about the etiology of cancer and importance of early detection. Therefore, communication about cancer is impeded within Navajo families and the community. This proposal builds on our successful partnership and collaboration with Dini College (the Navajo tribal college). The proposed study is designed to assess the feasibility and potential efficacy of a cancer-literacy focused, family-based intervention on completion of mammography screening for Navajo women. The intervention will include culturally and linguistically appropriate educational materials about cancer (e.g., the Navajo Cancer Glossary). The project will be implemented in two phases. During Phase 1, we will develop the family cancer literacy intervention with feedback from our community advisory committee. In addition, the Cancer Literacy Measure will be adapted for Navajo women through focus groups and individual interviews. Phase 2 will consist of a formative evaluation of the intervention. The NNBCCPP patient and a female family member will be randomly assigned in pairs to the control condition (existing NNBCCPP health education services, N=40 pairs) or to receive these health education services plus the family cancer literacy intervention (N=40 pairs). We will assess the intervention's feasibility and acceptability as indicated by the recruitment and retention rates and qualitative ratings of treatment acceptability. In addition, we will examine the effect of the intervention compared with the control group on the proportion of women who complete mammography screening at 3-month follow-up documented by NNBCCPP records. We will also examine changes in Cancer Literacy Measure scores from baseline to 3-month follow-up among both patients and family members. We expect that as a result of this project, we will have developed a replicable, feasible, and acceptable intervention, the efficacy of which can be tested in future large-scale randomized clinical trials. In addition, the adapted Cancer Literacy Measure could be used in future cancer prevention and control projects within the Navajo Nation. The overall objective is to reduce breast cancer morbidity and mortality among Navajo women.
Among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) women, breast cancer is more likely to be diagnosed at an advanced stage and the 5 year breast cancer survival rates are lower than any other ethnic group. Among Navajo women scheduled for a mammography screening appointment, the no show rate is markedly high (80%). This study proposes to develop a family-based cancer literacy intervention that includes culturally and linguistically appropriate education about breast cancer to promote mammography screening among Navajo women.
| Yost, Kathleen J; Bauer, Mark C; Buki, Lydia P et al. (2017) Adapting a Cancer Literacy Measure for Use Among Navajo Women. J Transcult Nurs 28:278-285 |
