Overview The interdisciplinary lab focuses an overarching question: how biological controls manage heterogeneity and achieve robustness, and how subversion of such mechanisms heightens risk for disease. To address this question, the lab studies fundamental mechanisms and develops new technology to probe such processes in live animals at high spatiotemporal resolution: 1) The lab has discovered that non-coding RNA (ncRNA) such as long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNA can initiate asymmetric cell division and limit plasticity. Not essential for healthy tissue, ncRNA can be triggered to turn on asymmetric division to safeguard tissue integrity during inflammation-induced reparative regeneration. 2) The lab discovered that fast- and slow-cycling intestinal stem cells can directly interconvert via asymmetric division, representing an optimal survival strategy for the tissue. 3) To address the limitation of current engraftment models, the lab developed a novel chemokine-targeting technology to engraft human cells into immunocompetent mouse hosts by manipulating cell migration via embryonic thymus to build central immune tolerance. 4) A new device integrating an abdominal window, a 3D-printed scaffold, and a transparent graphene sensor has been designed to demonstrate live recording of the enteric nervous system for the first time. Goals In the next five years, the lab will explore three areas: Goal 1. Elucidating the ncRNA mechanisms that regulate asymmetric division and safeguard tissue integrity, e.g., to understand their mechanism of asymmetric segregation and to identify such lncRNAs and microRNAs in a systematic way. Goal 2. Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of the intestinal stem cell niche using intravital imaging, laser ablation, and multiscale stochastic modeling. Goal 3. Epigenetic profiling and reprogramming of intestinal cell lineages using ATAC-seq and CRISPR-Cas9- based epigenome editing. Vision With a background in electrical engineering, the PI has always been intrigued by the ability of biological circuits to perform robust functions with very imprecise components and seemingly messy architectures, in contrast to man-made electrical circuits which rely on precise devices and carefully laid-out designs. The proposed study attempts to deepen our understanding of tissue homeostasis and highlights the sophistication of underlying biological circuitry in terms of dynamics and robustness. The lab will also develop new tools for the research community to ask the kind of questions that are impossible right now. The study will provide new insight into disease conditions and contribute to future regenerative medicine.

Public Health Relevance

The stem cells fuel regeneration in the intestinal epithelium, but how they robustly manage proliferation and plasticity to maintaining homeostasis and respond to inflammatory damage is largely unknown. This project will study non-coding RNA and epigenomic regulation of cell fate and explore spatiotemporal dynamics within the stem cell niche, in order to gain a comprehensive view of the underlying regulatory processes and test the hypothesis that safeguard mechanisms exist to protect tissue integrity during stress.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Unknown (R35)
Project #
1R35GM122465-01
Application #
9274894
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZGM1-TRN-5 (MR))
Program Officer
Haynes, Susan R
Project Start
2017-04-01
Project End
2022-03-31
Budget Start
2017-04-01
Budget End
2018-03-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2017
Total Cost
$282,681
Indirect Cost
$104,894
Name
Duke University
Department
Biomedical Engineering
Type
Schools of Engineering
DUNS #
044387793
City
Durham
State
NC
Country
United States
Zip Code
27705
Bu, Pengcheng; Chen, Kai-Yuan; Xiang, Kun et al. (2018) Aldolase B-Mediated Fructose Metabolism Drives Metabolic Reprogramming of Colon Cancer Liver Metastasis. Cell Metab 27:1249-1262.e4
Chen, Kai-Yuan; Srinivasan, Tara; Lin, Christopher et al. (2018) Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Heterogeneity and Drug Response of Human Colorectal Cancer Organoids. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2018:2378-2381
Kadur Lakshminarasimha Murthy, Preetish; Srinivasan, Tara; Bochter, Matthew S et al. (2018) Radical and lunatic fringes modulate notch ligands to support mammalian intestinal homeostasis. Elife 7:
Chen, Kai-Yuan; Shen, Xiling; Diehl, Anna Mae (2018) Prometheus revisited. J Clin Invest 128:2192-2193
Chen, Kai-Yuan; Srinivasan, Tara; Tung, Kuei-Ling et al. (2017) A Notch positive feedback in the intestinal stem cell niche is essential for stem cell self-renewal. Mol Syst Biol 13:927
Klose, Christoph S N; Mahlakõiv, Tanel; Moeller, Jesper B et al. (2017) The neuropeptide neuromedin U stimulates innate lymphoid cells and type 2 inflammation. Nature 549:282-286
Barth, Bradley B; Henriquez, Craig S; Grill, Warren M et al. (2017) Electrical stimulation of gut motility guided by an in silico model. J Neural Eng 14:066010