The age-related, T-independent and poor immunologic properties of polysaccharides limit the effectiveness of capsular polysaccharides (CP) and other surface polysaccharides of invasive bacteria as vaccines, in infants and adult individuals with immunocompromised states. Organic synthetic schemes, that bind capsular and other polysaccharides to carrier proteins have been devised to increase the immunogenicity of and confer T-cell dependent immunologic properties (booster effect) to these protective antigens. Based upon our and others work, a conjugated Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine, has been licensed by the Food and Drug Administration for routine infant immunization along with DTP. Serum antibodies to Hib conjugates and to the other components of the routine immunization (DTP), have been assayed among infant recipients of our vaccine in the United States and in Sweden. This technology has been extended successfully to poly alpha(2->8) NeuNAc CPs (group B meningococcus, E. coli KI, Pasteurella haemolytica serotype A2) by multipoint attachment of this polymer to proteins at neutral pH. It was found that a cross-reactive E. coli polysaccharide, K92, elicited antibodies to this and to the related group C meningococcus CP. This technique was also extended to the CP of Cryptococcus neoformans serogroup A. More detailed studies of the conjugation procedure have revealed more effective """"""""spacer"""""""" arms for both this conjugate and for Staphylococcus aureus CP bound to the recombinant Pseudomonas exoprotein A. Conjugates of these vaccines showed increased immunogenicity and T-cell dependent properties in mice. Further, the S. aureus type 5 polysaccharide, bound to the recombinant protein, has been successfully evaluated in phase 1 human studies.

Project Start
Project End
Budget Start
Budget End
Support Year
8
Fiscal Year
1991
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
City
State
Country
United States
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Jin, Zhigang; Romero-Steiner, Sandra; Carlone, George M et al. (2007) Haemophilus influenzae type a infection and its prevention. Infect Immun 75:2650-4
Kubler-Kielb, Joanna; Liu, Teh-Yung; Mocca, Christopher et al. (2006) Additional conjugation methods and immunogenicity of Bacillus anthracis poly-gamma-D-glutamic acid-protein conjugates. Infect Immun 74:4744-9
Fekete, Aniko; Hoogerhout, Peter; Zomer, Gijsbert et al. (2006) Synthesis of octa- and dodecamers of D-ribitol-1-phosphate and their protein conjugates. Carbohydr Res 341:2037-48
Claesson, Bo A; Trollfors, Birger; Lagergard, Teresa et al. (2005) Antibodies against Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide and tetanus toxoid before and after a booster dose of the carrier protein nine years after primary vaccination with a protein conjugate vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 24:463-4
Jin, Zhigang; Bohach, Gregory A; Shiloach, Joseph et al. (2005) Conjugates of group A and W135 capsular polysaccharides of neisseria meningitidis bound to recombinant Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin C1: preparation, physicochemical characterization, and immunological properties in mice. Infect Immun 73:7887-93
Robbins, John B; Schneerson, Rachel; Trollfors, Birger et al. (2005) The diphtheria and pertussis components of diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis vaccine should be genetically inactivated mutant toxins. J Infect Dis 191:81-8
Robbins, John B; Schneerson, Rachel; Gotschlich, Emil C (2005) Surveillance for bacterial meningitis by means of polymerase chain reaction. Clin Infect Dis 40:26-7
Kubler-Kielb, Joanna; Pozsgay, Vince (2005) A new method for conjugation of carbohydrates to proteins using an aminooxy-thiol heterobifunctional linker. J Org Chem 70:6987-90
Glatman-Freedman, Aharona; Casadevall, Arturo; Dai, Zongdong et al. (2004) Antigenic evidence of prevalence and diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis arabinomannan. J Clin Microbiol 42:3225-31
Robbins, John B; Schneerson, Rachel (2004) Future vaccine development at NICHD. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1038:49-59

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