The extension of optical spectroscopy below the """"""""diffraction limit"""""""" (about a third of the wavelength of light;e.g.,230nm) has been realized in recent years by two different classes of microscope: """"""""PALM/STORM"""""""" and """"""""RESOLFT/STED"""""""". The former recreates a biological scene in a 'pontillist'manner;centers of individual fluorescent 'paint'dots are located with 20nm precision on the scene, a few at a time, until the full picture emerges. It is precise but painstakingly slow. The second method, STED (STimulated Emission Depletion) superposes the normal spot illuminating the scene with another diffuse """"""""donut"""""""" beam whose job is to erase fluorescence around the edges. This leaves a smaller spot at the center of the donut to sweep across the image, revealing it in 50nm detail. Both sorts of microscope are commercially available. The PALM version is inexpensive but slow, best for acquiring still images. The STED version (over $1.1M) has the potential for video nanoscopy but applies large laser powers (in the """"""""erase"""""""" donut beam) that damages living cells. Most of our nanoscopy effort is devoted to STED and STED-like methods. We have constructed our own STED microscope around existing CARS lasers and FCS detection electronics (from other prior projects). We have designed (and provisionally patented) an 'azicon'(azimuthal polarizer axicon) to make the central spot of the donut beam very dark (preserving central brightness in the image, allowing for stronger erase beams and hence finer resolution). Most important, we have designed, patented, and begun testing a new class of fluorescent dyes that provide two key features: 1. lower power requirements for erase beam. This allows finer resolution and longer observations in living cells, making video nanoscopy more practical. 2. Simultaneous multicolor erase beam. STED had previously been limited to two colors, but the mechanism inherent in our dyes expands the available palette. This is important in providing biological context to the image of macromolecules one will paint. This year we tested several new prototype dyes, finding we could squeeze down to under 60nm resolution using only 50mW of back aperture 783nm """"""""erase"""""""" beam power. This year we found the actual power requirement could be reduced to 12mW at the focal plane. Multicolor tubulin fibrils and beads have been imaged in the same, single-frame image. Ms. submitted. We also began exploiting the nanosecond nature of our dyes to prototype a microscope using inexpensive diode lasers to achieve our STAQ nanoscopy, both CW and ns-pulsed, and we began characterizing vesicle sizes.

Project Start
Project End
Budget Start
Budget End
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
U.S. National Heart Lung and Blood Inst
Department
Type
DUNS #
City
State
Country
Zip Code
Lucotte, Bertrand M; Powell, Chloe; Knutson, Jay R et al. (2017) Direct visualization of the arterial wall water permeability barrier using CARS microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114:4805-4810
Rosales, Tilman; Sackett, Dan L; Xu, Jianhua et al. (2015) STAQ: A route toward low power, multicolor nanoscopy. Microsc Res Tech 78:343-55
Combs, Christian A; Smirnov, Aleksandr; Glancy, Brian et al. (2014) Compact non-contact total emission detection for in vivo multiphoton excitation microscopy. J Microsc 253:83-92
Rosales, Tilman; Nie, Zuqin; Kapoor, Varun et al. (2013) Partition of Myc into Immobile vs. Mobile Complexes within Nuclei. Sci Rep 3:1953
Ben-Aissa, Khadija; Patino-Lopez, Genaro; Belkina, Natalya V et al. (2012) Activation of moesin, a protein that links actin cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane, occurs by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) binding sequentially to two sites and releasing an autoinhibitory linker. J Biol Chem 287:16311-23
Stasevich, Timothy J; Mueller, Florian; Michelman-Ribeiro, Ariel et al. (2010) Cross-validating FRAP and FCS to quantify the impact of photobleaching on in vivo binding estimates. Biophys J 99:3093-101
Yi, Ling; Rosales, Tilman; Rose, Jeremy J et al. (2010) HIV-1 Nef binds a subpopulation of MHC-I throughout its trafficking itinerary and downregulates MHC-I by perturbing both anterograde and retrograde trafficking. J Biol Chem :
Fiammenghi, Laura; Ancarani, Valentina; Rosales, Tilman et al. (2010) FRET microscopy autologous tumor lysate processing in mature dendritic cell vaccine therapy. J Transl Med 8:52