Precursor conditions to Alzheimer's disease (AD) such as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) are now a target of patient identification and potential treatment, as studies clearly showing that the risk of progression to dementia is very high. Despite attempts to develop new treatments for AD and its precursor, MCI, methods of interrupting the course of illness and preventing progression have proven elusive. Treatment strategies for AD based on molecular pathologies (such as A) have thus far produced equivocal or negative results. Investigation is thus shifting to the potential treatment of precursr conditions, including MCI, pre-MCI, and subjects at risk with identification via genetics or other biomarkers. Losses of cholinergic neurons and particularly nicotinic cholinergic receptors have been shown to be principally related to cognitive decline in AD. However, approved treatments for AD have not significantly improved MCI, despite clear evidence of alteration of cholinergic function at this stage, Thus nonspecific enhancement of cholinergic function does not appear to be a fruitful strategy for either enhancing long-term cognitive functioning in MCI, nor retarding the progression to AD. There is a continuing search for new treatments that will improve cognitive symptoms while potentially be disease modifying. Nicotine may be one of those molecules and is easily available, inexpensive, and easy to use. We have performed a double-blind 6 month pilot trial showing that nicotine treatment significantly improved cognitive performance in the areas of attention and episodic memory, showed improving global ratings of functioning and self-rated memory problems, and was well tolerated with an impressive safety profile and no abuse liability (Newhouse, P., K. Kellar, et al. (2012). Neurology 78(2): 91-101). We now propose a definitive 2-year multi-center clinical trial to test whether daily transdermal nicotine will produce sustained cognitive, clinical, and functional benefits in patients with MCI. Our primary hypothesis is that transdermal nicotine will enhance cognitive performance and symptoms of cognitive dysfunction compared to placebo and that this difference will be sustained over two years. We also plan to test in a smaller sub study whether there is evidence that nicotine treatment will affect the underlying biology related to MCI/AD by monitoring biological markers including structural and functional brain imaging and measures of AD pathology in spinal fluid. This proposed study has broad clinical and scientific significance. If the hypotheses were validated, these findings would support a novel, broadly available, and inexpensive intervention for MCI and would encourage early treatment intervention to improve symptoms and/or retard progression of cognitive impairment. This would be the longest trial of nicotine or nicotinic agonists to date and if successful would lead to combined trials with other symptomatic agents and/or agents that might directly interact with A or tau- related mechanisms.

Public Health Relevance

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a condition in which patients experience a decrease in memory and attention and often precedes Alzheimer's disease. We previously showed in a six-month long study that treatment with transdermal nicotine patches improved symptoms in MCI. In this longer, definitive two-year study, our primary hypothesis is that nicotine will enhance attention and memory in 300 patients with MCI, that this improvement will improve overall functioning, and that this difference will be sustained over two years.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
3R01AG047992-03S1
Application #
9266978
Study Section
Neuroscience of Aging Review Committee (NIA)
Program Officer
Ryan, Laurie M
Project Start
2015-09-15
Project End
2017-05-31
Budget Start
2016-09-01
Budget End
2017-05-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Department
Type
DUNS #
079917897
City
Nashville
State
TN
Country
United States
Zip Code
37232
C Conley, Alexander; A Newhouse, Paul (2018) Advances in Drug Discovery and Development in Geriatric Psychiatry. Curr Psychiatry Rep 20:10
Kamkwalala, Asante; Newhouse, Paul (2017) Mechanisms of Cognitive Aging in the HIV-Positive Adult. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 4:188-197
Vega, Jennifer N; Dumas, Julie; Newhouse, Paul A (2017) Cognitive Effects of Chemotherapy and Cancer-Related Treatments in Older Adults. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 25:1415-1426
Kamkwalala, Asante; Hulgan, Todd; Newhouse, Paul (2017) Subjective memory complaints are associated with poorer cognitive performance in adults with HIV. AIDS Care 29:654-659