Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive cancer with no currently available effective treatment. Understanding the molecular mechanism of HCC development and progression is imperative to develop novel, effective and targeted therapies for this lethal disease. Our recent findings reveal that Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1 (AEG-1) plays an important role in HCC pathogenesis. In human HCC samples AEG-1 mRNA and protein were significantly overexpressed compared to normal liver and in a subset of HCC patients AEG-1 gene itself was amplified. In 109 HCC patients, AEG-1 protein was overexpressed in >90% cases and AEG-1 expression level showed significant correlation with the stages and grades of the disease. Forced overexpression of AEG-1 in less aggressive HCC cells resulted in highly aggressive, angiogenic and metastatic tumors in nude mice. Conversely, inhibition of AEG-1 significantly abrogated growth of highly aggressive HCC cells in nude mice. In HCC cells, AEG-1 activated pro-survival signaling pathways such as MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt, NF-?B and Wnt signaling pathways that are known to contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis and AEG-1 modulated specific genes regulating invasion, angiogenesis, chemoresistance and senescence. Additionally, AEG-1 protected primary human hepatocytes from induction of senescence. These findings strongly indicate that AEG-1 plays an important role in regulating HCC development and progression. AEG-1 is located both on the cell surface and in intracellular compartments including the nucleus. While the cell surface located AEG-1 facilitates metastasis by adhering to the endothelium, our findings indicate that the intracellular AEG-1 might contribute to the initial steps of tumorigenesis, such as immortalization and transformation, by turning on pro-survival signals and modulating gene expression. We have previously shown that AEG-1 functions as a transcriptional co-activator and presently we identify as an AEG-1 interacting partner Staphylococcal Nuclease Domain Containing-1 (SND1) which regulates gene expression by modulating transcription, mRNA splicing, RNA interference and mRNA stability. The long-term objectives of the present proposal are to identify key players regulating HCC pathogenesis and translate that knowledge for developing novel and effective targeted therapies. The immediate objectives of the present proposal are to analyze the role of AEG-1 in hepatocarcinogenesis in a transgenic mouse model;elucidate the role of AEG-1-SND1 interaction in mediating AEG-1 function as well as hepatocarcinogenesis;and establish AEG-1 as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for HCC by analyzing patient-derived HCC samples. Successful completion of the proposed studies will provide in-depth insights into structural and functional realms of AEG-1 thus facilitating development of strategies to block AEG-1 as a potential therapeutic regimen for HCC.

Public Health Relevance

Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and plays a key role in regulating hepatocarcinogenesis by turning on pro- survival signals and modulating global gene expression. The proposed studies aim at understanding AEG-1 function by using a transgenic mouse model and analyzing AEG-1 interacting proteins and establishing AEG-1 as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for HCC.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01CA138540-02
Application #
8051864
Study Section
Molecular Oncogenesis Study Section (MONC)
Program Officer
Jhappan, Chamelli
Project Start
2010-04-01
Project End
2015-01-31
Budget Start
2011-02-01
Budget End
2012-01-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$300,907
Indirect Cost
Name
Virginia Commonwealth University
Department
Genetics
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
105300446
City
Richmond
State
VA
Country
United States
Zip Code
23298
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Hu, Bin; Emdad, Luni; Kegelman, Timothy P et al. (2017) Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1 Regulates ?-Catenin Signaling to Maintain Glioma Stem-like Stemness and Self-Renewal. Mol Cancer Res 15:225-233
Jariwala, Nidhi; Sarkar, Devanand (2016) Emerging role of lncRNA in cancer: a potential avenue in molecular medicine. Ann Transl Med 4:286
Rajasekaran, Devaraja; Jariwala, Nidhi; Mendoza, Rachel G et al. (2016) Staphylococcal Nuclease and Tudor Domain Containing 1 (SND1 Protein) Promotes Hepatocarcinogenesis by Inhibiting Monoglyceride Lipase (MGLL). J Biol Chem 291:10736-46
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Jariwala, Nidhi; Rajasekaran, Devaraja; Srivastava, Jyoti et al. (2015) Role of the staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain containing 1 in oncogenesis (review). Int J Oncol 46:465-73
Rajasekaran, Devaraja; Siddiq, Ayesha; Willoughby, Jennifer L S et al. (2015) Small molecule inhibitors of Late SV40 Factor (LSF) abrogate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): Evaluation using an endogenous HCC model. Oncotarget 6:26266-77
Kegelman, Timothy P; Das, Swadesh K; Emdad, Luni et al. (2015) Targeting tumor invasion: the roles of MDA-9/Syntenin. Expert Opin Ther Targets 19:97-112
Rajasekaran, Devaraja; Srivastava, Jyoti; Ebeid, Kareem et al. (2015) Combination of Nanoparticle-Delivered siRNA for Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1 (AEG-1) and All-trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA): An Effective Therapeutic Strategy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Bioconjug Chem 26:1651-61

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