Browning of white adipose tissue is increasingly recognized as a potential new therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. The mechanisms that govern this process remain incompletely understood, in particular how the process is linked to intracellular metabolic cues. We have now uncovered a novel molecular pathway that regulates browning of white fat, and which integrates two of the most important intracellular metabolic sensors: mTOR and AMPK. At the heart of this pathway lies Folliculin (FLCN), a protein mutated in the hamartomatous Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome. FLCN interacts directly with, and transduces signals, to and from both the mTOR and AMPK pathways. The absence of FLCN in adipose tissue leads to marked browning of white fat, and dramatic potentiation of thermogenesis. We thus hypothesize that FLCN in white adipose tissue is a key nexus that integrates metabolic cues to coordinate the browning of white fat. We propose experiments to: 1) Delineate the molecular mechanisms by which FLCN, mTOR, and AMPK regulate browning in fat. 2) Use genetic epistatic experiments in intact mice to definitively test the role of this novel axis in browning of fat in vivo. 3) Test if inhibition of adipocyte FLCN improves metabolic homeostasis and can protect from obesity and diabetes in both diet-induced and genetic murine models.

Public Health Relevance

Obesity and diabetes are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and are on the rise. The conversion of fat from energy storing (?white?) to energy dissipating (?brown?) is a newly discovered and exciting potential approach to combating obesity and diabetes, but how fat tissue accomplishes this conversion remains poorly understood. We have uncovered here a novel mechanism that regulates this process, and we propose experiments to understand the process in molecular and physiological detail, in order to determine if targeting this pathway may have therapeutic potential.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DK107667-03
Application #
9517878
Study Section
Cellular Aspects of Diabetes and Obesity Study Section (CADO)
Program Officer
Haft, Carol R
Project Start
2016-07-15
Project End
2021-06-30
Budget Start
2018-07-01
Budget End
2019-06-30
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Pennsylvania
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
042250712
City
Philadelphia
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
19104
Neinast, Michael D; Jang, Cholsoon; Hui, Sheng et al. (2018) Quantitative Analysis of the Whole-Body Metabolic Fate of Branched-Chain Amino Acids. Cell Metab :
Kim, Boa; Jang, Cholsoon; Dharaneeswaran, Harita et al. (2018) Endothelial pyruvate kinase M2 maintains vascular integrity. J Clin Invest 128:4543-4556
Liu, Laura X; Rowe, Glenn C; Yang, Steven et al. (2017) PDK4 Inhibits Cardiac Pyruvate Oxidation in Late Pregnancy. Circ Res 121:1370-1378
Sawada, Naoki; Arany, Zolt (2017) Metabolic Regulation of Angiogenesis in Diabetes and Aging. Physiology (Bethesda) 32:290-307
Kim, Boa; Li, Jia; Jang, Cholsoon et al. (2017) Glutamine fuels proliferation but not migration of endothelial cells. EMBO J 36:2321-2333
Ibrahim, Ayon; Neinast, Michael; Arany, Zoltan P (2017) Myobolites: muscle-derived metabolites with paracrine and systemic effects. Curr Opin Pharmacol 34:15-20
Wada, Shogo; Arany, Zoltan (2017) Adipose tissue browning: mTOR branches out. Cell Cycle 16:493-494
Wada, Shogo; Neinast, Michael; Jang, Cholsoon et al. (2016) The tumor suppressor FLCN mediates an alternate mTOR pathway to regulate browning of adipose tissue. Genes Dev 30:2551-2564